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+/*
+ * Copyright © 2018 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
+ * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
+ * Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/* Imported from:
+ * https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ridiculousfish/libdivide/master/divide_by_constants_codegen_reference.c
+ * Paper:
+ * http://ridiculousfish.com/files/faster_unsigned_division_by_constants.pdf
+ *
+ * The author, ridiculous_fish, wrote:
+ *
+ * ''Reference implementations of computing and using the "magic number"
+ * approach to dividing by constants, including codegen instructions.
+ * The unsigned division incorporates the "round down" optimization per
+ * ridiculous_fish.
+ *
+ * This is free and unencumbered software. Any copyright is dedicated
+ * to the Public Domain.''
+ */
+
+#include "fast_idiv_by_const.h"
+#include "u_math.h"
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/* uint_t and sint_t can be replaced by different integer types and the code
+ * will work as-is. The only requirement is that sizeof(uintN) == sizeof(intN).
+ */
+
+struct util_fast_udiv_info
+util_compute_fast_udiv_info(uint_t D, unsigned num_bits)
+{
+ /* The numerator must fit in a uint_t */
+ assert(num_bits > 0 && num_bits <= sizeof(uint_t) * CHAR_BIT);
+ assert(D != 0);
+
+ /* The eventual result */
+ struct util_fast_udiv_info result;
+
+ /* Bits in a uint_t */
+ const unsigned UINT_BITS = sizeof(uint_t) * CHAR_BIT;
+
+ /* The extra shift implicit in the difference between UINT_BITS and num_bits
+ */
+ const unsigned extra_shift = UINT_BITS - num_bits;
+
+ /* The initial power of 2 is one less than the first one that can possibly
+ * work.
+ */
+ const uint_t initial_power_of_2 = (uint_t)1 << (UINT_BITS-1);
+
+ /* The remainder and quotient of our power of 2 divided by d */
+ uint_t quotient = initial_power_of_2 / D;
+ uint_t remainder = initial_power_of_2 % D;
+
+ /* ceil(log_2 D) */
+ unsigned ceil_log_2_D;
+
+ /* The magic info for the variant "round down" algorithm */
+ uint_t down_multiplier = 0;
+ unsigned down_exponent = 0;
+ int has_magic_down = 0;
+
+ /* Compute ceil(log_2 D) */
+ ceil_log_2_D = 0;
+ uint_t tmp;
+ for (tmp = D; tmp > 0; tmp >>= 1)
+ ceil_log_2_D += 1;
+
+
+ /* Begin a loop that increments the exponent, until we find a power of 2
+ * that works.
+ */
+ unsigned exponent;
+ for (exponent = 0; ; exponent++) {
+ /* Quotient and remainder is from previous exponent; compute it for this
+ * exponent.
+ */
+ if (remainder >= D - remainder) {
+ /* Doubling remainder will wrap around D */
+ quotient = quotient * 2 + 1;
+ remainder = remainder * 2 - D;
+ } else {
+ /* Remainder will not wrap */
+ quotient = quotient * 2;
+ remainder = remainder * 2;
+ }
+
+ /* We're done if this exponent works for the round_up algorithm.
+ * Note that exponent may be larger than the maximum shift supported,
+ * so the check for >= ceil_log_2_D is critical.
+ */
+ if ((exponent + extra_shift >= ceil_log_2_D) ||
+ (D - remainder) <= ((uint_t)1 << (exponent + extra_shift)))
+ break;
+
+ /* Set magic_down if we have not set it yet and this exponent works for
+ * the round_down algorithm
+ */
+ if (!has_magic_down &&
+ remainder <= ((uint_t)1 << (exponent + extra_shift))) {
+ has_magic_down = 1;
+ down_multiplier = quotient;
+ down_exponent = exponent;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (exponent < ceil_log_2_D) {
+ /* magic_up is efficient */
+ result.multiplier = quotient + 1;
+ result.pre_shift = 0;
+ result.post_shift = exponent;
+ result.increment = 0;
+ } else if (D & 1) {
+ /* Odd divisor, so use magic_down, which must have been set */
+ assert(has_magic_down);
+ result.multiplier = down_multiplier;
+ result.pre_shift = 0;
+ result.post_shift = down_exponent;
+ result.increment = 1;
+ } else {
+ /* Even divisor, so use a prefix-shifted dividend */
+ unsigned pre_shift = 0;
+ uint_t shifted_D = D;
+ while ((shifted_D & 1) == 0) {
+ shifted_D >>= 1;
+ pre_shift += 1;
+ }
+ result = util_compute_fast_udiv_info(shifted_D, num_bits - pre_shift);
+ /* expect no increment or pre_shift in this path */
+ assert(result.increment == 0 && result.pre_shift == 0);
+ result.pre_shift = pre_shift;
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+struct util_fast_sdiv_info
+util_compute_fast_sdiv_info(sint_t D)
+{
+ /* D must not be zero. */
+ assert(D != 0);
+ /* The result is not correct for these divisors. */
+ assert(D != 1 && D != -1);
+
+ /* Our result */
+ struct util_fast_sdiv_info result;
+
+ /* Bits in an sint_t */
+ const unsigned SINT_BITS = sizeof(sint_t) * CHAR_BIT;
+
+ /* Absolute value of D (we know D is not the most negative value since
+ * that's a power of 2)
+ */
+ const uint_t abs_d = (D < 0 ? -D : D);
+
+ /* The initial power of 2 is one less than the first one that can possibly
+ * work */
+ /* "two31" in Warren */
+ unsigned exponent = SINT_BITS - 1;
+ const uint_t initial_power_of_2 = (uint_t)1 << exponent;
+
+ /* Compute the absolute value of our "test numerator,"
+ * which is the largest dividend whose remainder with d is d-1.
+ * This is called anc in Warren.
+ */
+ const uint_t tmp = initial_power_of_2 + (D < 0);
+ const uint_t abs_test_numer = tmp - 1 - tmp % abs_d;
+
+ /* Initialize our quotients and remainders (q1, r1, q2, r2 in Warren) */
+ uint_t quotient1 = initial_power_of_2 / abs_test_numer;
+ uint_t remainder1 = initial_power_of_2 % abs_test_numer;
+ uint_t quotient2 = initial_power_of_2 / abs_d;
+ uint_t remainder2 = initial_power_of_2 % abs_d;
+ uint_t delta;
+
+ /* Begin our loop */
+ do {
+ /* Update the exponent */
+ exponent++;
+
+ /* Update quotient1 and remainder1 */
+ quotient1 *= 2;
+ remainder1 *= 2;
+ if (remainder1 >= abs_test_numer) {
+ quotient1 += 1;
+ remainder1 -= abs_test_numer;
+ }
+
+ /* Update quotient2 and remainder2 */
+ quotient2 *= 2;
+ remainder2 *= 2;
+ if (remainder2 >= abs_d) {
+ quotient2 += 1;
+ remainder2 -= abs_d;
+ }
+
+ /* Keep going as long as (2**exponent) / abs_d <= delta */
+ delta = abs_d - remainder2;
+ } while (quotient1 < delta || (quotient1 == delta && remainder1 == 0));
+
+ result.multiplier = quotient2 + 1;
+ if (D < 0) result.multiplier = -result.multiplier;
+ result.shift = exponent - SINT_BITS;
+ return result;
+}