summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/gst/gstclock.c
blob: 8191af0c857df1038ff1bda5ce546f0c18a1f3f6 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
/* GStreamer
 * Copyright (C) 1999,2000 Erik Walthinsen <omega@cse.ogi.edu>
 *                    2000 Wim Taymans <wtay@chello.be>
 *                    2004 Wim Taymans <wim@fluendo.com>
 *
 * gstclock.c: Clock subsystem for maintaining time sync
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */

/**
 * SECTION:gstclock
 * @short_description: Abstract class for global clocks
 * @see_also: #GstSystemClock, #GstPipeline
 *
 * GStreamer uses a global clock to synchronize the plugins in a pipeline.
 * Different clock implementations are possible by implementing this abstract
 * base class or, more conveniently, by subclassing #GstSystemClock.
 *
 * The #GstClock returns a monotonically increasing time with the method
 * gst_clock_get_time(). Its accuracy and base time depend on the specific
 * clock implementation but time is always expressed in nanoseconds. Since the
 * baseline of the clock is undefined, the clock time returned is not
 * meaningful in itself, what matters are the deltas between two clock times.
 * The time returned by a clock is called the absolute time.
 *
 * The pipeline uses the clock to calculate the running time. Usually all
 * renderers synchronize to the global clock using the buffer timestamps, the
 * newsegment events and the element's base time, see #GstPipeline.
 *
 * A clock implementation can support periodic and single shot clock
 * notifications both synchronous and asynchronous.
 *
 * One first needs to create a #GstClockID for the periodic or single shot
 * notification using gst_clock_new_single_shot_id() or
 * gst_clock_new_periodic_id().
 *
 * To perform a blocking wait for the specific time of the #GstClockID use the
 * gst_clock_id_wait(). To receive a callback when the specific time is reached
 * in the clock use gst_clock_id_wait_async(). Both these calls can be
 * interrupted with the gst_clock_id_unschedule() call. If the blocking wait is
 * unscheduled a return value of #GST_CLOCK_UNSCHEDULED is returned.
 *
 * Periodic callbacks scheduled async will be repeatedly called automatically
 * until it is unscheduled. To schedule a sync periodic callback,
 * gst_clock_id_wait() should be called repeatedly.
 *
 * The async callbacks can happen from any thread, either provided by the core
 * or from a streaming thread. The application should be prepared for this.
 *
 * A #GstClockID that has been unscheduled cannot be used again for any wait
 * operation, a new #GstClockID should be created and the old unscheduled one
 * should be destroyed with gst_clock_id_unref().
 *
 * It is possible to perform a blocking wait on the same #GstClockID from
 * multiple threads. However, registering the same #GstClockID for multiple
 * async notifications is not possible, the callback will only be called for
 * the thread registering the entry last.
 *
 * None of the wait operations unref the #GstClockID, the owner is responsible
 * for unreffing the ids itself. This holds for both periodic and single shot
 * notifications. The reason being that the owner of the #GstClockID has to
 * keep a handle to the #GstClockID to unblock the wait on FLUSHING events or
 * state changes and if the entry would be unreffed automatically, the handle 
 * might become invalid without any notification.
 *
 * These clock operations do not operate on the running time, so the callbacks
 * will also occur when not in PLAYING state as if the clock just keeps on
 * running. Some clocks however do not progress when the element that provided
 * the clock is not PLAYING.
 *
 * When a clock has the #GST_CLOCK_FLAG_CAN_SET_MASTER flag set, it can be
 * slaved to another #GstClock with the gst_clock_set_master(). The clock will
 * then automatically be synchronized to this master clock by repeatedly
 * sampling the master clock and the slave clock and recalibrating the slave
 * clock with gst_clock_set_calibration(). This feature is mostly useful for
 * plugins that have an internal clock but must operate with another clock
 * selected by the #GstPipeline.  They can track the offset and rate difference
 * of their internal clock relative to the master clock by using the
 * gst_clock_get_calibration() function. 
 *
 * The master/slave synchronisation can be tuned with the #GstClock:timeout,
 * #GstClock:window-size and #GstClock:window-threshold properties.
 * The #GstClock:timeout property defines the interval to sample the master
 * clock and run the calibration functions. #GstClock:window-size defines the
 * number of samples to use when calibrating and #GstClock:window-threshold
 * defines the minimum number of samples before the calibration is performed.
 *
 * Last reviewed on 2009-05-21 (0.10.24)
 */


#include "gst_private.h"
#include <time.h>

#include "gstclock.h"
#include "gstinfo.h"
#include "gstutils.h"

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_TRACE
/* #define GST_WITH_ALLOC_TRACE */
#include "gsttrace.h"
static GstAllocTrace *_gst_clock_entry_trace;
#endif

/* #define DEBUGGING_ENABLED */

#define DEFAULT_STATS                   FALSE
#define DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE             32
#define DEFAULT_WINDOW_THRESHOLD        4
#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT                 GST_SECOND / 10

enum
{
  PROP_0,
  PROP_STATS,
  PROP_WINDOW_SIZE,
  PROP_WINDOW_THRESHOLD,
  PROP_TIMEOUT
};

struct _GstClockPrivate
{
  gint pre_count;
  gint post_count;
};

/* seqlocks */
#define read_seqbegin(clock)                                   \
  g_atomic_int_get (&clock->ABI.priv->post_count);

static inline gboolean
read_seqretry (GstClock * clock, gint seq)
{
  /* no retry if the seqnum did not change */
  if (G_LIKELY (seq == g_atomic_int_get (&clock->ABI.priv->pre_count)))
    return FALSE;

  /* wait for the writer to finish and retry */
  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);
  return TRUE;
}

#define write_seqlock(clock)                      \
G_STMT_START {                                    \
  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);                        \
  g_atomic_int_inc (&clock->ABI.priv->pre_count);     \
} G_STMT_END;

#define write_sequnlock(clock)                    \
G_STMT_START {                                    \
  g_atomic_int_inc (&clock->ABI.priv->post_count);    \
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);                      \
} G_STMT_END;

static void gst_clock_dispose (GObject * object);
static void gst_clock_finalize (GObject * object);

static void gst_clock_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);
static void gst_clock_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec);
static void gst_clock_update_stats (GstClock * clock);


static GstObjectClass *parent_class = NULL;

/* static guint gst_clock_signals[LAST_SIGNAL] = { 0 }; */

static GstClockID
gst_clock_entry_new (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime time,
    GstClockTime interval, GstClockEntryType type)
{
  GstClockEntry *entry;

  entry = g_slice_new (GstClockEntry);
#ifndef GST_DISABLE_TRACE
  gst_alloc_trace_new (_gst_clock_entry_trace, entry);
#endif
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "created entry %p, time %" GST_TIME_FORMAT, entry, GST_TIME_ARGS (time));

  entry->refcount = 1;
  entry->clock = clock;
  entry->type = type;
  entry->time = time;
  entry->interval = interval;
  entry->status = GST_CLOCK_OK;
  entry->func = NULL;
  entry->user_data = NULL;
  entry->destroy_data = NULL;
  entry->unscheduled = FALSE;
  entry->woken_up = FALSE;

  return (GstClockID) entry;
}

/* WARNING : Does not modify the refoucnt
 * WARNING : Do not use if a pending clock operation is happening on that entry */
static gboolean
gst_clock_entry_reinit (GstClock * clock, GstClockEntry * entry,
    GstClockTime time, GstClockTime interval, GstClockEntryType type)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (entry->status != GST_CLOCK_BUSY, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (entry->clock == clock, FALSE);

  entry->type = type;
  entry->time = time;
  entry->interval = interval;
  entry->status = GST_CLOCK_OK;

  return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_single_shot_id_reinit:
 * @clock: a #GstClock
 * @id: a #GstClockID
 * @time: The requested time.
 *
 * Reinitializes the provided single shot @id to the provided time. Does not
 * modify the reference count.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the GstClockID could be reinitialized to the provided
 * @time, else %FALSE.
 */
gboolean
gst_clock_single_shot_id_reinit (GstClock * clock, GstClockID id,
    GstClockTime time)
{
  return gst_clock_entry_reinit (clock, (GstClockEntry *) id, time,
      GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE, GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_SINGLE);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_ref:
 * @id: The #GstClockID to ref
 *
 * Increase the refcount of given @id.
 *
 * Returns: The same #GstClockID with increased refcount.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockID
gst_clock_id_ref (GstClockID id)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (id != NULL, NULL);

  g_atomic_int_inc (&((GstClockEntry *) id)->refcount);

  return id;
}

static void
_gst_clock_id_free (GstClockID id)
{
  GstClockEntry *entry;
  g_return_if_fail (id != NULL);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_CLOCK, "freed entry %p", id);
  entry = (GstClockEntry *) id;
  if (entry->destroy_data)
    entry->destroy_data (entry->user_data);

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_TRACE
  gst_alloc_trace_free (_gst_clock_entry_trace, id);
#endif
  g_slice_free (GstClockEntry, id);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_unref:
 * @id: The #GstClockID to unref
 *
 * Unref given @id. When the refcount reaches 0 the
 * #GstClockID will be freed.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_clock_id_unref (GstClockID id)
{
  gint zero;

  g_return_if_fail (id != NULL);

  zero = g_atomic_int_dec_and_test (&((GstClockEntry *) id)->refcount);
  /* if we ended up with the refcount at zero, free the id */
  if (zero) {
    _gst_clock_id_free (id);
  }
}

/**
 * gst_clock_new_single_shot_id
 * @clock: The #GstClockID to get a single shot notification from
 * @time: the requested time
 *
 * Get a #GstClockID from @clock to trigger a single shot
 * notification at the requested time. The single shot id should be
 * unreffed after usage.
 *
 * Returns: A #GstClockID that can be used to request the time notification.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockID
gst_clock_new_single_shot_id (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime time)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), NULL);

  return gst_clock_entry_new (clock,
      time, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE, GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_SINGLE);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_new_periodic_id
 * @clock: The #GstClockID to get a periodic notification id from
 * @start_time: the requested start time
 * @interval: the requested interval
 *
 * Get an ID from @clock to trigger a periodic notification.
 * The periodic notifications will start at time @start_time and
 * will then be fired with the given @interval. @id should be unreffed
 * after usage.
 *
 * Returns: A #GstClockID that can be used to request the time notification.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockID
gst_clock_new_periodic_id (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime start_time,
    GstClockTime interval)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_CLOCK_TIME_IS_VALID (start_time), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (interval != 0, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_CLOCK_TIME_IS_VALID (interval), NULL);

  return gst_clock_entry_new (clock,
      start_time, interval, GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_PERIODIC);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_compare_func
 * @id1: A #GstClockID
 * @id2: A #GstClockID to compare with
 *
 * Compares the two #GstClockID instances. This function can be used
 * as a GCompareFunc when sorting ids.
 *
 * Returns: negative value if a < b; zero if a = b; positive value if a > b
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gint
gst_clock_id_compare_func (gconstpointer id1, gconstpointer id2)
{
  GstClockEntry *entry1, *entry2;

  entry1 = (GstClockEntry *) id1;
  entry2 = (GstClockEntry *) id2;

  if (GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME (entry1) > GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME (entry2)) {
    return 1;
  }
  if (GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME (entry1) < GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME (entry2)) {
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_get_time
 * @id: The #GstClockID to query
 *
 * Get the time of the clock ID
 *
 * Returns: the time of the given clock id.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_id_get_time (GstClockID id)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (id != NULL, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  return GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME ((GstClockEntry *) id);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_wait
 * @id: The #GstClockID to wait on
 * @jitter: A pointer that will contain the jitter, can be %NULL.
 *
 * Perform a blocking wait on @id. 
 * @id should have been created with gst_clock_new_single_shot_id()
 * or gst_clock_new_periodic_id() and should not have been unscheduled
 * with a call to gst_clock_id_unschedule(). 
 *
 * If the @jitter argument is not %NULL and this function returns #GST_CLOCK_OK
 * or #GST_CLOCK_EARLY, it will contain the difference
 * against the clock and the time of @id when this method was
 * called. 
 * Positive values indicate how late @id was relative to the clock
 * (in which case this function will return #GST_CLOCK_EARLY). 
 * Negative values indicate how much time was spent waiting on the clock 
 * before this function returned.
 *
 * Returns: the result of the blocking wait. #GST_CLOCK_EARLY will be returned
 * if the current clock time is past the time of @id, #GST_CLOCK_OK if 
 * @id was scheduled in time. #GST_CLOCK_UNSCHEDULED if @id was 
 * unscheduled with gst_clock_id_unschedule().
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockReturn
gst_clock_id_wait (GstClockID id, GstClockTimeDiff * jitter)
{
  GstClockEntry *entry;
  GstClock *clock;
  GstClockReturn res;
  GstClockTime requested;
  GstClockClass *cclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (id != NULL, GST_CLOCK_ERROR);

  entry = (GstClockEntry *) id;
  requested = GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME (entry);

  clock = GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_CLOCK (entry);

  /* can't sync on invalid times */
  if (G_UNLIKELY (!GST_CLOCK_TIME_IS_VALID (requested)))
    goto invalid_time;

  cclass = GST_CLOCK_GET_CLASS (clock);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "waiting on clock entry %p", id);

  /* if we have a wait_jitter function, use that */
  if (G_LIKELY (cclass->wait_jitter)) {
    res = cclass->wait_jitter (clock, entry, jitter);
  } else {
    /* check if we have a simple _wait function otherwise. The function without
     * the jitter arg is less optimal as we need to do an additional _get_time()
     * which is not atomic with the _wait() and a typical _wait() function does
     * yet another _get_time() anyway. */
    if (G_UNLIKELY (cclass->wait == NULL))
      goto not_supported;

    if (jitter) {
      GstClockTime now = gst_clock_get_time (clock);

      /* jitter is the diff against the clock when this entry is scheduled. Negative
       * values mean that the entry was in time, a positive value means that the
       * entry was too late. */
      *jitter = GST_CLOCK_DIFF (requested, now);
    }
    res = cclass->wait (clock, entry);
  }

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "done waiting entry %p, res: %d", id, res);

  if (entry->type == GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_PERIODIC)
    entry->time = requested + entry->interval;

  if (G_UNLIKELY (clock->stats))
    gst_clock_update_stats (clock);

  return res;

  /* ERRORS */
invalid_time:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
        "invalid time requested, returning _BADTIME");
    return GST_CLOCK_BADTIME;
  }
not_supported:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "clock wait is not supported");
    return GST_CLOCK_UNSUPPORTED;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_wait_async_full:
 * @id: a #GstClockID to wait on
 * @func: The callback function
 * @user_data: User data passed in the callback
 * @destroy_data: #GDestroyNotify for user_data
 *
 * Register a callback on the given #GstClockID @id with the given
 * function and user_data. When passing a #GstClockID with an invalid
 * time to this function, the callback will be called immediately
 * with  a time set to GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE. The callback will
 * be called when the time of @id has been reached.
 *
 * The callback @func can be invoked from any thread, either provided by the
 * core or from a streaming thread. The application should be prepared for this.
 *
 * Returns: the result of the non blocking wait.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Since: 0.10.30
 */
GstClockReturn
gst_clock_id_wait_async_full (GstClockID id,
    GstClockCallback func, gpointer user_data, GDestroyNotify destroy_data)
{
  GstClockEntry *entry;
  GstClock *clock;
  GstClockReturn res;
  GstClockClass *cclass;
  GstClockTime requested;

  g_return_val_if_fail (id != NULL, GST_CLOCK_ERROR);
  g_return_val_if_fail (func != NULL, GST_CLOCK_ERROR);

  entry = (GstClockEntry *) id;
  requested = GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TIME (entry);
  clock = GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_CLOCK (entry);

  /* can't sync on invalid times */
  if (G_UNLIKELY (!GST_CLOCK_TIME_IS_VALID (requested)))
    goto invalid_time;

  cclass = GST_CLOCK_GET_CLASS (clock);

  if (G_UNLIKELY (cclass->wait_async == NULL))
    goto not_supported;

  entry->func = func;
  entry->user_data = user_data;
  entry->destroy_data = destroy_data;

  res = cclass->wait_async (clock, entry);

  return res;

  /* ERRORS */
invalid_time:
  {
    (func) (clock, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE, id, user_data);
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
        "invalid time requested, returning _BADTIME");
    return GST_CLOCK_BADTIME;
  }
not_supported:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "clock wait is not supported");
    return GST_CLOCK_UNSUPPORTED;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_wait_async:
 * @id: a #GstClockID to wait on
 * @func: The callback function
 * @user_data: User data passed in the callback
 *
 * Register a callback on the given #GstClockID @id with the given
 * function and user_data. When passing a #GstClockID with an invalid
 * time to this function, the callback will be called immediately
 * with  a time set to GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE. The callback will
 * be called when the time of @id has been reached.
 *
 * The callback @func can be invoked from any thread, either provided by the
 * core or from a streaming thread. The application should be prepared for this.
 *
 * Returns: the result of the non blocking wait.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockReturn
gst_clock_id_wait_async (GstClockID id,
    GstClockCallback func, gpointer user_data)
{
  return gst_clock_id_wait_async_full (id, func, user_data, NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_id_unschedule:
 * @id: The id to unschedule
 *
 * Cancel an outstanding request with @id. This can either
 * be an outstanding async notification or a pending sync notification.
 * After this call, @id cannot be used anymore to receive sync or
 * async notifications, you need to create a new #GstClockID.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_clock_id_unschedule (GstClockID id)
{
  GstClockEntry *entry;
  GstClock *clock;
  GstClockClass *cclass;

  g_return_if_fail (id != NULL);

  entry = (GstClockEntry *) id;
  clock = entry->clock;

  cclass = GST_CLOCK_GET_CLASS (clock);

  if (G_LIKELY (cclass->unschedule))
    cclass->unschedule (clock, entry);
}


/*
 * GstClock abstract base class implementation
 */
G_DEFINE_TYPE (GstClock, gst_clock, GST_TYPE_OBJECT);

static void
gst_clock_class_init (GstClockClass * klass)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);

  parent_class = g_type_class_peek_parent (klass);

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_TRACE
  _gst_clock_entry_trace =
      gst_alloc_trace_register (GST_CLOCK_ENTRY_TRACE_NAME);
#endif

  gobject_class->dispose = gst_clock_dispose;
  gobject_class->finalize = gst_clock_finalize;
  gobject_class->set_property = gst_clock_set_property;
  gobject_class->get_property = gst_clock_get_property;

  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_STATS,
      g_param_spec_boolean ("stats", "Stats",
          "Enable clock stats (unimplemented)", DEFAULT_STATS,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));
  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_WINDOW_SIZE,
      g_param_spec_int ("window-size", "Window size",
          "The size of the window used to calculate rate and offset", 2, 1024,
          DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE, G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));
  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_WINDOW_THRESHOLD,
      g_param_spec_int ("window-threshold", "Window threshold",
          "The threshold to start calculating rate and offset", 2, 1024,
          DEFAULT_WINDOW_THRESHOLD,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));
  g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, PROP_TIMEOUT,
      g_param_spec_uint64 ("timeout", "Timeout",
          "The amount of time, in nanoseconds, to sample master and slave clocks",
          0, G_MAXUINT64, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
          G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));

  g_type_class_add_private (klass, sizeof (GstClockPrivate));
}

static void
gst_clock_init (GstClock * clock)
{
  clock->last_time = 0;
  clock->entries = NULL;
  clock->entries_changed = g_cond_new ();
  clock->stats = FALSE;

  clock->ABI.priv =
      G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_PRIVATE (clock, GST_TYPE_CLOCK, GstClockPrivate);

  clock->internal_calibration = 0;
  clock->external_calibration = 0;
  clock->rate_numerator = 1;
  clock->rate_denominator = 1;

  clock->slave_lock = g_mutex_new ();
  clock->window_size = DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE;
  clock->window_threshold = DEFAULT_WINDOW_THRESHOLD;
  clock->filling = TRUE;
  clock->time_index = 0;
  clock->timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
  clock->times = g_new0 (GstClockTime, 4 * clock->window_size);
}

static void
gst_clock_dispose (GObject * object)
{
  GstClock *clock = GST_CLOCK (object);
  GstClock **master_p;

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
  master_p = &clock->master;
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) master_p, NULL);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->dispose (object);
}

static void
gst_clock_finalize (GObject * object)
{
  GstClock *clock = GST_CLOCK (object);

  GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
  if (clock->clockid) {
    gst_clock_id_unschedule (clock->clockid);
    gst_clock_id_unref (clock->clockid);
    clock->clockid = NULL;
  }
  g_free (clock->times);
  clock->times = NULL;
  GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);

  g_cond_free (clock->entries_changed);
  g_mutex_free (clock->slave_lock);

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->finalize (object);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_set_resolution
 * @clock: a #GstClock
 * @resolution: The resolution to set
 *
 * Set the accuracy of the clock. Some clocks have the possibility to operate
 * with different accuracy at the expense of more resource usage. There is
 * normally no need to change the default resolution of a clock. The resolution
 * of a clock can only be changed if the clock has the
 * #GST_CLOCK_FLAG_CAN_SET_RESOLUTION flag set.
 *
 * Returns: the new resolution of the clock.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_set_resolution (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime resolution)
{
  GstClockClass *cclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), 0);
  g_return_val_if_fail (resolution != 0, 0);

  cclass = GST_CLOCK_GET_CLASS (clock);

  if (cclass->change_resolution)
    clock->resolution =
        cclass->change_resolution (clock, clock->resolution, resolution);

  return clock->resolution;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_get_resolution
 * @clock: a #GstClock
 *
 * Get the accuracy of the clock. The accuracy of the clock is the granularity
 * of the values returned by gst_clock_get_time().
 *
 * Returns: the resolution of the clock in units of #GstClockTime.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_get_resolution (GstClock * clock)
{
  GstClockClass *cclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), 0);

  cclass = GST_CLOCK_GET_CLASS (clock);

  if (cclass->get_resolution)
    return cclass->get_resolution (clock);

  return 1;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_adjust_unlocked
 * @clock: a #GstClock to use
 * @internal: a clock time
 *
 * Converts the given @internal clock time to the external time, adjusting for the
 * rate and reference time set with gst_clock_set_calibration() and making sure
 * that the returned time is increasing. This function should be called with the
 * clock's OBJECT_LOCK held and is mainly used by clock subclasses.
 *
 * This function is the reverse of gst_clock_unadjust_unlocked().
 *
 * Returns: the converted time of the clock.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_adjust_unlocked (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime internal)
{
  GstClockTime ret, cinternal, cexternal, cnum, cdenom;

  /* get calibration values for readability */
  cinternal = clock->internal_calibration;
  cexternal = clock->external_calibration;
  cnum = clock->rate_numerator;
  cdenom = clock->rate_denominator;

  /* avoid divide by 0 */
  if (G_UNLIKELY (cdenom == 0))
    cnum = cdenom = 1;

  /* The formula is (internal - cinternal) * cnum / cdenom + cexternal
   *
   * Since we do math on unsigned 64-bit ints we have to special case for
   * internal < cinternal to get the sign right. this case is not very common,
   * though.
   */
  if (G_LIKELY (internal >= cinternal)) {
    ret = internal - cinternal;
    ret = gst_util_uint64_scale (ret, cnum, cdenom);
    ret += cexternal;
  } else {
    ret = cinternal - internal;
    ret = gst_util_uint64_scale (ret, cnum, cdenom);
    /* clamp to 0 */
    if (G_LIKELY (cexternal > ret))
      ret = cexternal - ret;
    else
      ret = 0;
  }

  /* make sure the time is increasing */
  clock->last_time = MAX (ret, clock->last_time);

  return clock->last_time;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_unadjust_unlocked
 * @clock: a #GstClock to use
 * @external: an external clock time
 *
 * Converts the given @external clock time to the internal time of @clock,
 * using the rate and reference time set with gst_clock_set_calibration().
 * This function should be called with the clock's OBJECT_LOCK held and
 * is mainly used by clock subclasses.
 *
 * This function is the reverse of gst_clock_adjust_unlocked().
 *
 * Returns: the internal time of the clock corresponding to @external.
 *
 * Since: 0.10.13
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_unadjust_unlocked (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime external)
{
  GstClockTime ret, cinternal, cexternal, cnum, cdenom;

  /* get calibration values for readability */
  cinternal = clock->internal_calibration;
  cexternal = clock->external_calibration;
  cnum = clock->rate_numerator;
  cdenom = clock->rate_denominator;

  /* avoid divide by 0 */
  if (G_UNLIKELY (cnum == 0))
    cnum = cdenom = 1;

  /* The formula is (external - cexternal) * cdenom / cnum + cinternal */
  if (G_LIKELY (external >= cexternal)) {
    ret = external - cexternal;
    ret = gst_util_uint64_scale (ret, cdenom, cnum);
    ret += cinternal;
  } else {
    ret = cexternal - external;
    ret = gst_util_uint64_scale (ret, cdenom, cnum);
    if (G_LIKELY (cinternal > ret))
      ret = cinternal - ret;
    else
      ret = 0;
  }
  return ret;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_get_internal_time
 * @clock: a #GstClock to query
 *
 * Gets the current internal time of the given clock. The time is returned
 * unadjusted for the offset and the rate.
 *
 * Returns: the internal time of the clock. Or GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE when
 * given invalid input.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_get_internal_time (GstClock * clock)
{
  GstClockTime ret;
  GstClockClass *cclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  cclass = GST_CLOCK_GET_CLASS (clock);

  if (G_UNLIKELY (cclass->get_internal_time == NULL))
    goto not_supported;

  ret = cclass->get_internal_time (clock);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "internal time %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
      GST_TIME_ARGS (ret));

  return ret;

  /* ERRORS */
not_supported:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
        "internal time not supported, return 0");
    return G_GINT64_CONSTANT (0);
  }
}

/**
 * gst_clock_get_time
 * @clock: a #GstClock to query
 *
 * Gets the current time of the given clock. The time is always
 * monotonically increasing and adjusted according to the current
 * offset and rate.
 *
 * Returns: the time of the clock. Or GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE when
 * given invalid input.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_clock_get_time (GstClock * clock)
{
  GstClockTime ret;
  gint seq;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  do {
    /* reget the internal time when we retry to get the most current
     * timevalue */
    ret = gst_clock_get_internal_time (clock);

    seq = read_seqbegin (clock);
    /* this will scale for rate and offset */
    ret = gst_clock_adjust_unlocked (clock, ret);
  } while (read_seqretry (clock, seq));

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "adjusted time %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
      GST_TIME_ARGS (ret));

  return ret;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_set_calibration
 * @clock: a #GstClock to calibrate
 * @internal: a reference internal time
 * @external: a reference external time
 * @rate_num: the numerator of the rate of the clock relative to its
 *            internal time 
 * @rate_denom: the denominator of the rate of the clock
 *
 * Adjusts the rate and time of @clock. A rate of 1/1 is the normal speed of
 * the clock. Values bigger than 1/1 make the clock go faster.
 *
 * @internal and @external are calibration parameters that arrange that
 * gst_clock_get_time() should have been @external at internal time @internal.
 * This internal time should not be in the future; that is, it should be less
 * than the value of gst_clock_get_internal_time() when this function is called.
 *
 * Subsequent calls to gst_clock_get_time() will return clock times computed as
 * follows:
 *
 * <programlisting>
 *   time = (internal_time - internal) * rate_num / rate_denom + external
 * </programlisting>
 *
 * This formula is implemented in gst_clock_adjust_unlocked(). Of course, it
 * tries to do the integer arithmetic as precisely as possible.
 *
 * Note that gst_clock_get_time() always returns increasing values so when you
 * move the clock backwards, gst_clock_get_time() will report the previous value
 * until the clock catches up.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_clock_set_calibration (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime internal, GstClockTime
    external, GstClockTime rate_num, GstClockTime rate_denom)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock));
  g_return_if_fail (rate_num != GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);
  g_return_if_fail (rate_denom && rate_denom != GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  write_seqlock (clock);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "internal %" GST_TIME_FORMAT " external %" GST_TIME_FORMAT " %"
      G_GUINT64_FORMAT "/%" G_GUINT64_FORMAT " = %f", GST_TIME_ARGS (internal),
      GST_TIME_ARGS (external), rate_num, rate_denom,
      gst_guint64_to_gdouble (rate_num) / gst_guint64_to_gdouble (rate_denom));

  clock->internal_calibration = internal;
  clock->external_calibration = external;
  clock->rate_numerator = rate_num;
  clock->rate_denominator = rate_denom;
  write_sequnlock (clock);
}

/**
 * gst_clock_get_calibration
 * @clock: a #GstClock 
 * @internal: a location to store the internal time
 * @external: a location to store the external time
 * @rate_num: a location to store the rate numerator
 * @rate_denom: a location to store the rate denominator
 *
 * Gets the internal rate and reference time of @clock. See
 * gst_clock_set_calibration() for more information.
 *
 * @internal, @external, @rate_num, and @rate_denom can be left %NULL if the
 * caller is not interested in the values.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_clock_get_calibration (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime * internal,
    GstClockTime * external, GstClockTime * rate_num, GstClockTime * rate_denom)
{
  gint seq;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock));

  do {
    seq = read_seqbegin (clock);
    if (rate_num)
      *rate_num = clock->rate_numerator;
    if (rate_denom)
      *rate_denom = clock->rate_denominator;
    if (external)
      *external = clock->external_calibration;
    if (internal)
      *internal = clock->internal_calibration;
  } while (read_seqretry (clock, seq));
}

/* will be called repeatedly to sample the master and slave clock
 * to recalibrate the clock  */
static gboolean
gst_clock_slave_callback (GstClock * master, GstClockTime time,
    GstClockID id, GstClock * clock)
{
  GstClockTime stime, mtime;
  gdouble r_squared;

  stime = gst_clock_get_internal_time (clock);
  mtime = gst_clock_get_time (master);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "master %" GST_TIME_FORMAT ", slave %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
      GST_TIME_ARGS (mtime), GST_TIME_ARGS (stime));

  gst_clock_add_observation (clock, stime, mtime, &r_squared);

  /* FIXME, we can use the r_squared value to adjust the timeout
   * value of the clockid */

  return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_clock_set_master
 * @clock: a #GstClock 
 * @master: a master #GstClock 
 *
 * Set @master as the master clock for @clock. @clock will be automatically
 * calibrated so that gst_clock_get_time() reports the same time as the
 * master clock.  
 * 
 * A clock provider that slaves its clock to a master can get the current
 * calibration values with gst_clock_get_calibration().
 *
 * @master can be %NULL in which case @clock will not be slaved anymore. It will
 * however keep reporting its time adjusted with the last configured rate 
 * and time offsets.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the clock is capable of being slaved to a master clock. 
 * Trying to set a master on a clock without the 
 * #GST_CLOCK_FLAG_CAN_SET_MASTER flag will make this function return %FALSE.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_clock_set_master (GstClock * clock, GstClock * master)
{
  GstClock **master_p;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (master != clock, FALSE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
  /* we always allow setting the master to NULL */
  if (master && !GST_OBJECT_FLAG_IS_SET (clock, GST_CLOCK_FLAG_CAN_SET_MASTER))
    goto not_supported;
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "slaving %p to master clock %p", clock, master);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);

  GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
  if (clock->clockid) {
    gst_clock_id_unschedule (clock->clockid);
    gst_clock_id_unref (clock->clockid);
    clock->clockid = NULL;
  }
  if (master) {
    clock->filling = TRUE;
    clock->time_index = 0;
    /* use the master periodic id to schedule sampling and
     * clock calibration. */
    clock->clockid = gst_clock_new_periodic_id (master,
        gst_clock_get_time (master), clock->timeout);
    gst_clock_id_wait_async_full (clock->clockid,
        (GstClockCallback) gst_clock_slave_callback,
        gst_object_ref (clock), (GDestroyNotify) gst_object_unref);
  }
  GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
  master_p = &clock->master;
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) master_p, (GstObject *) master);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);

  return TRUE;

  /* ERRORS */
not_supported:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
        "cannot be slaved to a master clock");
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_clock_get_master
 * @clock: a #GstClock 
 *
 * Get the master clock that @clock is slaved to or %NULL when the clock is
 * not slaved to any master clock.
 *
 * Returns: a master #GstClock or %NULL when this clock is not slaved to a
 * master clock. Unref after usage.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClock *
gst_clock_get_master (GstClock * clock)
{
  GstClock *result = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), NULL);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
  if (clock->master)
    result = gst_object_ref (clock->master);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);

  return result;
}

/* http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html
 * with SLAVE_LOCK
 */
static gboolean
do_linear_regression (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime * m_num,
    GstClockTime * m_denom, GstClockTime * b, GstClockTime * xbase,
    gdouble * r_squared)
{
  GstClockTime *newx, *newy;
  GstClockTime xmin, ymin, xbar, ybar, xbar4, ybar4;
  GstClockTimeDiff sxx, sxy, syy;
  GstClockTime *x, *y;
  gint i, j;
  guint n;

  xbar = ybar = sxx = syy = sxy = 0;

  x = clock->times;
  y = clock->times + 2;
  n = clock->filling ? clock->time_index : clock->window_size;

#ifdef DEBUGGING_ENABLED
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "doing regression on:");
  for (i = j = 0; i < n; i++, j += 4)
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
        "  %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT "  %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT, x[j], y[j]);
#endif

  xmin = ymin = G_MAXUINT64;
  for (i = j = 0; i < n; i++, j += 4) {
    xmin = MIN (xmin, x[j]);
    ymin = MIN (ymin, y[j]);
  }

#ifdef DEBUGGING_ENABLED
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "min x: %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT,
      xmin);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "min y: %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT,
      ymin);
#endif

  newx = clock->times + 1;
  newy = clock->times + 3;

  /* strip off unnecessary bits of precision */
  for (i = j = 0; i < n; i++, j += 4) {
    newx[j] = x[j] - xmin;
    newy[j] = y[j] - ymin;
  }

#ifdef DEBUGGING_ENABLED
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "reduced numbers:");
  for (i = j = 0; i < n; i++, j += 4)
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
        "  %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT "  %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT, newx[j], newy[j]);
#endif

  /* have to do this precisely otherwise the results are pretty much useless.
   * should guarantee that none of these accumulators can overflow */

  /* quantities on the order of 1e10 -> 30 bits; window size a max of 2^10, so
     this addition could end up around 2^40 or so -- ample headroom */
  for (i = j = 0; i < n; i++, j += 4) {
    xbar += newx[j];
    ybar += newy[j];
  }
  xbar /= n;
  ybar /= n;

#ifdef DEBUGGING_ENABLED
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "  xbar  = %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT,
      xbar);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "  ybar  = %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT,
      ybar);
#endif

  /* multiplying directly would give quantities on the order of 1e20 -> 60 bits;
     times the window size that's 70 which is too much. Instead we (1) subtract
     off the xbar*ybar in the loop instead of after, to avoid accumulation; (2)
     shift off 4 bits from each multiplicand, giving an expected ceiling of 52
     bits, which should be enough. Need to check the incoming range and domain
     to ensure this is an appropriate loss of precision though. */
  xbar4 = xbar >> 4;
  ybar4 = ybar >> 4;
  for (i = j = 0; i < n; i++, j += 4) {
    GstClockTime newx4, newy4;

    newx4 = newx[j] >> 4;
    newy4 = newy[j] >> 4;

    sxx += newx4 * newx4 - xbar4 * xbar4;
    syy += newy4 * newy4 - ybar4 * ybar4;
    sxy += newx4 * newy4 - xbar4 * ybar4;
  }

  if (G_UNLIKELY (sxx == 0))
    goto invalid;

  *m_num = sxy;
  *m_denom = sxx;
  *xbase = xmin;
  *b = (ybar + ymin) - gst_util_uint64_scale (xbar, *m_num, *m_denom);
  *r_squared = ((double) sxy * (double) sxy) / ((double) sxx * (double) syy);

#ifdef DEBUGGING_ENABLED
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "  m      = %g",
      ((double) *m_num) / *m_denom);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "  b      = %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT,
      *b);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "  xbase  = %" G_GUINT64_FORMAT,
      *xbase);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "  r2     = %g", *r_squared);
#endif

  return TRUE;

invalid:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock, "sxx == 0, regression failed");
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_clock_add_observation
 * @clock: a #GstClock 
 * @slave: a time on the slave
 * @master: a time on the master
 * @r_squared: a pointer to hold the result
 *
 * The time @master of the master clock and the time @slave of the slave
 * clock are added to the list of observations. If enough observations
 * are available, a linear regression algorithm is run on the
 * observations and @clock is recalibrated.
 *
 * If this functions returns %TRUE, @r_squared will contain the 
 * correlation coefficient of the interpolation. A value of 1.0
 * means a perfect regression was performed. This value can
 * be used to control the sampling frequency of the master and slave
 * clocks.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if enough observations were added to run the 
 * regression algorithm.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_clock_add_observation (GstClock * clock, GstClockTime slave,
    GstClockTime master, gdouble * r_squared)
{
  GstClockTime m_num, m_denom, b, xbase;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (r_squared != NULL, FALSE);

  GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);

  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "adding observation slave %" GST_TIME_FORMAT ", master %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
      GST_TIME_ARGS (slave), GST_TIME_ARGS (master));

  clock->times[(4 * clock->time_index)] = slave;
  clock->times[(4 * clock->time_index) + 2] = master;

  clock->time_index++;
  if (G_UNLIKELY (clock->time_index == clock->window_size)) {
    clock->filling = FALSE;
    clock->time_index = 0;
  }

  if (G_UNLIKELY (clock->filling
          && clock->time_index < clock->window_threshold))
    goto filling;

  if (!do_linear_regression (clock, &m_num, &m_denom, &b, &xbase, r_squared))
    goto invalid;

  GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);

  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, clock,
      "adjusting clock to m=%" G_GUINT64_FORMAT "/%" G_GUINT64_FORMAT ", b=%"
      G_GUINT64_FORMAT " (rsquared=%g)", m_num, m_denom, b, *r_squared);

  /* if we have a valid regression, adjust the clock */
  gst_clock_set_calibration (clock, xbase, b, m_num, m_denom);

  return TRUE;

filling:
  {
    GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
    return FALSE;
  }
invalid:
  {
    /* no valid regression has been done, ignore the result then */
    GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
    return TRUE;
  }
}

static void
gst_clock_update_stats (GstClock * clock)
{
}

static void
gst_clock_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstClock *clock;

  clock = GST_CLOCK (object);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case PROP_STATS:
      GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
      clock->stats = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    case PROP_WINDOW_SIZE:
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
      clock->window_size = g_value_get_int (value);
      clock->window_threshold =
          MIN (clock->window_threshold, clock->window_size);
      clock->times =
          g_renew (GstClockTime, clock->times, 4 * clock->window_size);
      /* restart calibration */
      clock->filling = TRUE;
      clock->time_index = 0;
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    case PROP_WINDOW_THRESHOLD:
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
      clock->window_threshold =
          MIN (g_value_get_int (value), clock->window_size);
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    case PROP_TIMEOUT:
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
      clock->timeout = g_value_get_uint64 (value);
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}

static void
gst_clock_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
    GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstClock *clock;

  clock = GST_CLOCK (object);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case PROP_STATS:
      GST_OBJECT_LOCK (clock);
      g_value_set_boolean (value, clock->stats);
      GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    case PROP_WINDOW_SIZE:
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
      g_value_set_int (value, clock->window_size);
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    case PROP_WINDOW_THRESHOLD:
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
      g_value_set_int (value, clock->window_threshold);
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    case PROP_TIMEOUT:
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_LOCK (clock);
      g_value_set_uint64 (value, clock->timeout);
      GST_CLOCK_SLAVE_UNLOCK (clock);
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}