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+/*************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2000, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+ *
+ * OpenOffice.org - a multi-platform office productivity suite
+ *
+ * This file is part of OpenOffice.org.
+ *
+ * OpenOffice.org is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+ * only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * OpenOffice.org is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 for more details
+ * (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * version 3 along with OpenOffice.org. If not, see
+ * <http://www.openoffice.org/license.html>
+ * for a copy of the LGPLv3 License.
+ *
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+// Natural, Clamped, or Periodic Cubic Splines
+//
+// Input: A list of N+1 points (x_i,a_i), 0 <= i <= N, which are sampled
+// from a function, a_i = f(x_i). The function f is unknown. Boundary
+// conditions are
+// (1) Natural splines: f"(x_0) = f"(x_N) = 0
+// (2) Clamped splines: f'(x_0) and f'(x_N) are user-specified.
+// (3) Periodic splines: f(x_0) = f(x_N) [in which case a_N = a_0 is
+// required in the input], f'(x_0) = f'(x_N), and f"(x_0) = f"(x_N).
+//
+// Output: b_i, c_i, d_i, 0 <= i <= N-1, which are coefficients for the cubic
+// spline S_i(x) = a_i + b_i(x-x_i) + c_i(x-x_i)^2 + d_i(x-x_i)^3 for
+// x_i <= x < x_{i+1}.
+//
+// The natural and clamped algorithms were implemented from
+//
+// Numerical Analysis, 3rd edition
+// Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires
+// Prindle, Weber & Schmidt
+// Boston, 1985, pp. 122-124.
+//
+// The algorithm sets up a tridiagonal linear system of equations in the
+// c_i values. This can be solved in O(N) time.
+//
+// The periodic spline algorithm was implemented from my own derivation. The
+// linear system of equations is not tridiagonal. For now I use a standard
+// linear solver that does not take advantage of the sparseness of the
+// matrix. Therefore for very large N, you may have to worry about memory
+// usage.
+
+#include "solver.h"
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void NaturalSpline (int N, double* x, double* a, double*& b, double*& c,
+ double*& d)
+{
+ const double oneThird = 1.0/3.0;
+
+ int i;
+ double* h = new double[N];
+ double* hdiff = new double[N];
+ double* alpha = new double[N];
+
+ for (i = 0; i < N; i++){
+ h[i] = x[i+1]-x[i];
+ }
+
+ for (i = 1; i < N; i++)
+ hdiff[i] = x[i+1]-x[i-1];
+
+ for (i = 1; i < N; i++)
+ {
+ double numer = 3.0*(a[i+1]*h[i-1]-a[i]*hdiff[i]+a[i-1]*h[i]);
+ double denom = h[i-1]*h[i];
+ alpha[i] = numer/denom;
+ }
+
+ double* ell = new double[N+1];
+ double* mu = new double[N];
+ double* z = new double[N+1];
+ double recip;
+
+ ell[0] = 1.0;
+ mu[0] = 0.0;
+ z[0] = 0.0;
+
+ for (i = 1; i < N; i++)
+ {
+ ell[i] = 2.0*hdiff[i]-h[i-1]*mu[i-1];
+ recip = 1.0/ell[i];
+ mu[i] = recip*h[i];
+ z[i] = recip*(alpha[i]-h[i-1]*z[i-1]);
+ }
+ ell[N] = 1.0;
+ z[N] = 0.0;
+
+ b = new double[N];
+ c = new double[N+1];
+ d = new double[N];
+
+ c[N] = 0.0;
+
+ for (i = N-1; i >= 0; i--)
+ {
+ c[i] = z[i]-mu[i]*c[i+1];
+ recip = 1.0/h[i];
+ b[i] = recip*(a[i+1]-a[i])-h[i]*(c[i+1]+2.0*c[i])*oneThird;
+ d[i] = oneThird*recip*(c[i+1]-c[i]);
+ }
+
+ delete[] h;
+ delete[] hdiff;
+ delete[] alpha;
+ delete[] ell;
+ delete[] mu;
+ delete[] z;
+}
+
+void PeriodicSpline (int N, double* x, double* a, double*& b, double*& c,
+ double*& d)
+{
+ double* h = new double[N];
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
+ h[i] = x[i+1]-x[i];
+
+ mgcLinearSystemD sys;
+ double** mat = sys.NewMatrix(N+1); // guaranteed to be zeroed memory
+ c = sys.NewVector(N+1); // guaranteed to be zeroed memory
+
+ // c[0] - c[N] = 0
+ mat[0][0] = +1.0f;
+ mat[0][N] = -1.0f;
+
+ // h[i-1]*c[i-1]+2*(h[i-1]+h[i])*c[i]+h[i]*c[i+1] =
+ // 3*{(a[i+1]-a[i])/h[i] - (a[i]-a[i-1])/h[i-1]}
+ for (i = 1; i <= N-1; i++)
+ {
+ mat[i][i-1] = h[i-1];
+ mat[i][i ] = 2.0f*(h[i-1]+h[i]);
+ mat[i][i+1] = h[i];
+ c[i] = 3.0f*((a[i+1]-a[i])/h[i] - (a[i]-a[i-1])/h[i-1]);
+ }
+
+ // "wrap around equation" for periodicity
+ // h[N-1]*c[N-1]+2*(h[N-1]+h[0])*c[0]+h[0]*c[1] =
+ // 3*{(a[1]-a[0])/h[0] - (a[0]-a[N-1])/h[N-1]}
+ mat[N][N-1] = h[N-1];
+ mat[N][0 ] = 2.0f*(h[N-1]+h[0]);
+ mat[N][1 ] = h[0];
+ c[N] = 3.0f*((a[1]-a[0])/h[0] - (a[0]-a[N-1])/h[N-1]);
+
+ // solve for c[0] through c[N]
+ sys.Solve(N+1,mat,c);
+
+ const double oneThird = 1.0/3.0;
+ b = new double[N];
+ d = new double[N];
+ for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
+ {
+ b[i] = (a[i+1]-a[i])/h[i] - oneThird*(c[i+1]+2.0f*c[i])*h[i];
+ d[i] = oneThird*(c[i+1]-c[i])/h[i];
+ }
+
+ delete[] h;
+ sys.DeleteMatrix(N+1,mat);
+}