path: root/gst/gstelement.c

/* GStreamer
 * Copyright (C) 1999,2000 Erik Walthinsen <omega@cse.ogi.edu>
 *                    2004 Wim Taymans <wim@fluendo.com>
 *
 * gstelement.c: The base element, all elements derive from this
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
 * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 */

/**
 * SECTION:gstelement
 * @title: GstElement
 * @short_description: Abstract base class for all pipeline elements
 * @see_also: #GstElementFactory, #GstPad
 *
 * GstElement is the abstract base class needed to construct an element that
 * can be used in a GStreamer pipeline. Please refer to the plugin writers
 * guide for more information on creating #GstElement subclasses.
 *
 * The name of a #GstElement can be get with gst_element_get_name() and set with
 * gst_element_set_name().  For speed, GST_ELEMENT_NAME() can be used in the
 * core when using the appropriate locking. Do not use this in plug-ins or
 * applications in order to retain ABI compatibility.
 *
 * Elements can have pads (of the type #GstPad).  These pads link to pads on
 * other elements.  #GstBuffer flow between these linked pads.
 * A #GstElement has a #GList of #GstPad structures for all their input (or sink)
 * and output (or source) pads.
 * Core and plug-in writers can add and remove pads with gst_element_add_pad()
 * and gst_element_remove_pad().
 *
 * An existing pad of an element can be retrieved by name with
 * gst_element_get_static_pad(). A new dynamic pad can be created using
 * gst_element_request_pad() with a #GstPadTemplate.
 * An iterator of all pads can be retrieved with gst_element_iterate_pads().
 *
 * Elements can be linked through their pads.
 * If the link is straightforward, use the gst_element_link()
 * convenience function to link two elements, or gst_element_link_many()
 * for more elements in a row.
 * Use gst_element_link_filtered() to link two elements constrained by
 * a specified set of #GstCaps.
 * For finer control, use gst_element_link_pads() and
 * gst_element_link_pads_filtered() to specify the pads to link on
 * each element by name.
 *
 * Each element has a state (see #GstState).  You can get and set the state
 * of an element with gst_element_get_state() and gst_element_set_state().
 * Setting a state triggers a #GstStateChange. To get a string representation
 * of a #GstState, use gst_element_state_get_name().
 *
 * You can get and set a #GstClock on an element using gst_element_get_clock()
 * and gst_element_set_clock().
 * Some elements can provide a clock for the pipeline if
 * the #GST_ELEMENT_FLAG_PROVIDE_CLOCK flag is set. With the
 * gst_element_provide_clock() method one can retrieve the clock provided by
 * such an element.
 * Not all elements require a clock to operate correctly. If the
 * #GST_ELEMENT_FLAG_REQUIRE_CLOCK() flag is set, a clock should be set on the
 * element with gst_element_set_clock().
 *
 * Note that clock selection and distribution is normally handled by the
 * toplevel #GstPipeline so the clock functions are only to be used in very
 * specific situations.
 */

#include "gst_private.h"
#include <glib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <gobject/gvaluecollector.h>

#include "gstelement.h"
#include "gstelementmetadata.h"
#include "gstenumtypes.h"
#include "gstbus.h"
#include "gsterror.h"
#include "gstevent.h"
#include "gstutils.h"
#include "gstinfo.h"
#include "gstquark.h"
#include "gsttracerutils.h"
#include "gstvalue.h"
#include "gst-i18n-lib.h"
#include "glib-compat-private.h"

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_GST_DEBUG
#include "printf/printf.h"
#endif

/* Element signals and args */
enum
{
  PAD_ADDED,
  PAD_REMOVED,
  NO_MORE_PADS,
  /* add more above */
  LAST_SIGNAL
};

enum
{
  ARG_0
      /* FILL ME */
};

static void gst_element_class_init (GstElementClass * klass);
static void gst_element_init (GstElement * element);
static void gst_element_base_class_init (gpointer g_class);

static void gst_element_constructed (GObject * object);
static void gst_element_dispose (GObject * object);
static void gst_element_finalize (GObject * object);

static GstStateChangeReturn gst_element_change_state_func (GstElement * element,
    GstStateChange transition);
static GstStateChangeReturn gst_element_get_state_func (GstElement * element,
    GstState * state, GstState * pending, GstClockTime timeout);
static GstStateChangeReturn gst_element_set_state_func (GstElement * element,
    GstState state);
static gboolean gst_element_set_clock_func (GstElement * element,
    GstClock * clock);
static void gst_element_set_bus_func (GstElement * element, GstBus * bus);
static gboolean gst_element_post_message_default (GstElement * element,
    GstMessage * message);
static void gst_element_set_context_default (GstElement * element,
    GstContext * context);

static gboolean gst_element_default_send_event (GstElement * element,
    GstEvent * event);
static gboolean gst_element_default_query (GstElement * element,
    GstQuery * query);

static GstPadTemplate
    * gst_element_class_get_request_pad_template (GstElementClass *
    element_class, const gchar * name);

static void gst_element_call_async_func (gpointer data, gpointer user_data);

static GstObjectClass *parent_class = NULL;
static guint gst_element_signals[LAST_SIGNAL] = { 0 };

static GThreadPool *gst_element_pool = NULL;

/* this is used in gstelementfactory.c:gst_element_register() */
GQuark __gst_elementclass_factory = 0;

GType
gst_element_get_type (void)
{
  static volatile gsize gst_element_type = 0;

  if (g_once_init_enter (&gst_element_type)) {
    GType _type;
    static const GTypeInfo element_info = {
      sizeof (GstElementClass),
      gst_element_base_class_init,
      NULL,                     /* base_class_finalize */
      (GClassInitFunc) gst_element_class_init,
      NULL,
      NULL,
      sizeof (GstElement),
      0,
      (GInstanceInitFunc) gst_element_init,
      NULL
    };

    _type = g_type_register_static (GST_TYPE_OBJECT, "GstElement",
        &element_info, G_TYPE_FLAG_ABSTRACT);

    __gst_elementclass_factory =
        g_quark_from_static_string ("GST_ELEMENTCLASS_FACTORY");
    g_once_init_leave (&gst_element_type, _type);
  }
  return gst_element_type;
}

static void
gst_element_setup_thread_pool (void)
{
  GError *err = NULL;

  GST_DEBUG ("creating element thread pool");
  gst_element_pool =
      g_thread_pool_new ((GFunc) gst_element_call_async_func, NULL, -1, FALSE,
      &err);
  if (err != NULL) {
    g_critical ("could not alloc threadpool %s", err->message);
    g_clear_error (&err);
  }
}

static void
gst_element_class_init (GstElementClass * klass)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class;

  gobject_class = (GObjectClass *) klass;

  parent_class = g_type_class_peek_parent (klass);

  /**
   * GstElement::pad-added:
   * @gstelement: the object which received the signal
   * @new_pad: the pad that has been added
   *
   * a new #GstPad has been added to the element. Note that this signal will
   * usually be emitted from the context of the streaming thread. Also keep in
   * mind that if you add new elements to the pipeline in the signal handler
   * you will need to set them to the desired target state with
   * gst_element_set_state() or gst_element_sync_state_with_parent().
   */
  gst_element_signals[PAD_ADDED] =
      g_signal_new ("pad-added", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, pad_added), NULL, NULL,
      g_cclosure_marshal_generic, G_TYPE_NONE, 1, GST_TYPE_PAD);
  /**
   * GstElement::pad-removed:
   * @gstelement: the object which received the signal
   * @old_pad: the pad that has been removed
   *
   * a #GstPad has been removed from the element
   */
  gst_element_signals[PAD_REMOVED] =
      g_signal_new ("pad-removed", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass), G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST,
      G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, pad_removed), NULL, NULL,
      g_cclosure_marshal_generic, G_TYPE_NONE, 1, GST_TYPE_PAD);
  /**
   * GstElement::no-more-pads:
   * @gstelement: the object which received the signal
   *
   * This signals that the element will not generate more dynamic pads.
   * Note that this signal will usually be emitted from the context of
   * the streaming thread.
   */
  gst_element_signals[NO_MORE_PADS] =
      g_signal_new ("no-more-pads", G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (klass),
      G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST, G_STRUCT_OFFSET (GstElementClass, no_more_pads), NULL,
      NULL, g_cclosure_marshal_generic, G_TYPE_NONE, 0);

  gobject_class->dispose = gst_element_dispose;
  gobject_class->finalize = gst_element_finalize;
  gobject_class->constructed = gst_element_constructed;

  klass->change_state = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_change_state_func);
  klass->set_state = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_set_state_func);
  klass->get_state = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_get_state_func);
  klass->set_clock = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_set_clock_func);
  klass->set_bus = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_set_bus_func);
  klass->query = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_default_query);
  klass->send_event = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_default_send_event);
  klass->numpadtemplates = 0;
  klass->post_message = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_post_message_default);
  klass->set_context = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_element_set_context_default);

  klass->elementfactory = NULL;

  gst_element_setup_thread_pool ();
}

static void
gst_element_base_class_init (gpointer g_class)
{
  GstElementClass *element_class = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (g_class);
  GList *node, *padtemplates;

  /* Copy the element details here so elements can inherit the
   * details from their base class and classes only need to set
   * the details in class_init instead of base_init */
  element_class->metadata =
      element_class->metadata ? gst_structure_copy (element_class->metadata) :
      gst_structure_new_empty ("metadata");

  /* Copy the pad templates so elements inherit them
   * from their base class but elements can add pad templates in class_init
   * instead of base_init.
   */
  padtemplates = g_list_copy (element_class->padtemplates);
  for (node = padtemplates; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
    GstPadTemplate *tmpl = (GstPadTemplate *) node->data;
    gst_object_ref (tmpl);
  }
  element_class->padtemplates = padtemplates;

  /* set the factory, see gst_element_register() */
  element_class->elementfactory =
      g_type_get_qdata (G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (element_class),
      __gst_elementclass_factory);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "type %s : factory %p",
      G_OBJECT_CLASS_NAME (element_class), element_class->elementfactory);
}

static void
gst_element_init (GstElement * element)
{
  GST_STATE (element) = GST_STATE_NULL;
  GST_STATE_TARGET (element) = GST_STATE_NULL;
  GST_STATE_NEXT (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
  GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
  GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;

  g_rec_mutex_init (&element->state_lock);
  g_cond_init (&element->state_cond);
}

static void
gst_element_constructed (GObject * object)
{
  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_NEW (GST_ELEMENT_CAST (object));
  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->constructed (object);
}

/**
 * gst_element_release_request_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to release the request pad of.
 * @pad: the #GstPad to release.
 *
 * Makes the element free the previously requested pad as obtained
 * with gst_element_request_pad().
 *
 * This does not unref the pad. If the pad was created by using
 * gst_element_request_pad(), gst_element_release_request_pad() needs to be
 * followed by gst_object_unref() to free the @pad.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_release_request_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_PAD_PAD_TEMPLATE (pad) == NULL ||
      GST_PAD_TEMPLATE_PRESENCE (GST_PAD_PAD_TEMPLATE (pad)) ==
      GST_PAD_REQUEST);
  g_return_if_fail (GST_PAD_PARENT (pad) == element);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  /* if the element implements a custom release function we call that, else we
   * simply remove the pad from the element */
  if (oclass->release_pad)
    oclass->release_pad (element, pad);
  else
    gst_element_remove_pad (element, pad);
}

/**
 * gst_element_provide_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to query
 *
 * Get the clock provided by the given element.
 * > An element is only required to provide a clock in the PAUSED
 * > state. Some elements can provide a clock in other states.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): the GstClock provided by the
 * element or %NULL if no clock could be provided.  Unref after usage.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClock *
gst_element_provide_clock (GstElement * element)
{
  GstClock *result = NULL;
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->provide_clock)
    result = oclass->provide_clock (element);

  return result;
}

static gboolean
gst_element_set_clock_func (GstElement * element, GstClock * clock)
{
  GstClock **clock_p;

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  clock_p = &element->clock;
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) clock_p, (GstObject *) clock);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return TRUE;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the clock for.
 * @clock: (transfer none) (allow-none): the #GstClock to set for the element.
 *
 * Sets the clock for the element. This function increases the
 * refcount on the clock. Any previously set clock on the object
 * is unreffed.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the element accepted the clock. An element can refuse a
 * clock when it, for example, is not able to slave its internal clock to the
 * @clock or when it requires a specific clock to operate.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_set_clock (GstElement * element, GstClock * clock)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  gboolean res = FALSE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (clock == NULL || GST_IS_CLOCK (clock), FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, element, "setting clock %p", clock);

  if (oclass->set_clock)
    res = oclass->set_clock (element, clock);

  return res;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_clock:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the clock of.
 *
 * Gets the currently configured clock of the element. This is the clock as was
 * last set with gst_element_set_clock().
 *
 * Elements in a pipeline will only have their clock set when the
 * pipeline is in the PLAYING state.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): the #GstClock of the element. unref after usage.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClock *
gst_element_get_clock (GstElement * element)
{
  GstClock *result;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  if ((result = element->clock))
    gst_object_ref (result);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_base_time:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @time: the base time to set.
 *
 * Set the base time of an element. See gst_element_get_base_time().
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_set_base_time (GstElement * element, GstClockTime time)
{
  GstClockTime old;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  old = element->base_time;
  element->base_time = time;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, element,
      "set base_time=%" GST_TIME_FORMAT ", old %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
      GST_TIME_ARGS (time), GST_TIME_ARGS (old));
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_base_time:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Returns the base time of the element. The base time is the
 * absolute time of the clock when this element was last put to
 * PLAYING. Subtracting the base time from the clock time gives
 * the running time of the element.
 *
 * Returns: the base time of the element.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_element_get_base_time (GstElement * element)
{
  GstClockTime result;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  result = element->base_time;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_start_time:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @time: the base time to set.
 *
 * Set the start time of an element. The start time of the element is the
 * running time of the element when it last went to the PAUSED state. In READY
 * or after a flushing seek, it is set to 0.
 *
 * Toplevel elements like #GstPipeline will manage the start_time and
 * base_time on its children. Setting the start_time to #GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE
 * on such a toplevel element will disable the distribution of the base_time to
 * the children and can be useful if the application manages the base_time
 * itself, for example if you want to synchronize capture from multiple
 * pipelines, and you can also ensure that the pipelines have the same clock.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_set_start_time (GstElement * element, GstClockTime time)
{
  GstClockTime old;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  old = GST_ELEMENT_START_TIME (element);
  GST_ELEMENT_START_TIME (element) = time;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CLOCK, element,
      "set start_time=%" GST_TIME_FORMAT ", old %" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
      GST_TIME_ARGS (time), GST_TIME_ARGS (old));
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_start_time:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Returns the start time of the element. The start time is the
 * running time of the clock when this element was last put to PAUSED.
 *
 * Usually the start_time is managed by a toplevel element such as
 * #GstPipeline.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: the start time of the element.
 */
GstClockTime
gst_element_get_start_time (GstElement * element)
{
  GstClockTime result;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  result = GST_ELEMENT_START_TIME (element);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

#if 0
/**
 * gst_element_set_index:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 * @index: (transfer none): a #GstIndex.
 *
 * Set @index on the element. The refcount of the index
 * will be increased, any previously set index is unreffed.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_set_index (GstElement * element, GstIndex * index)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (index == NULL || GST_IS_INDEX (index));

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->set_index)
    oclass->set_index (element, index);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_index:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Gets the index from the element.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): a #GstIndex or %NULL when no
 * index was set on the element. unref after usage.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstIndex *
gst_element_get_index (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GstIndex *result = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_index)
    result = oclass->get_index (element);

  return result;
}
#endif

/**
 * gst_element_add_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to add the pad to.
 * @pad: (transfer floating): the #GstPad to add to the element.
 *
 * Adds a pad (link point) to @element. @pad's parent will be set to @element;
 * see gst_object_set_parent() for refcounting information.
 *
 * Pads are not automatically activated so elements should perform the needed
 * steps to activate the pad in case this pad is added in the PAUSED or PLAYING
 * state. See gst_pad_set_active() for more information about activating pads.
 *
 * The pad and the element should be unlocked when calling this function.
 *
 * This function will emit the #GstElement::pad-added signal on the element.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the pad could be added. This function can fail when
 * a pad with the same name already existed or the pad already had another
 * parent.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_add_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  gchar *pad_name;
  gboolean active;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad), FALSE);

  /* locking pad to look at the name */
  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (pad);
  pad_name = g_strdup (GST_PAD_NAME (pad));
  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element, "adding pad '%s'",
      GST_STR_NULL (pad_name));
  active = GST_PAD_IS_ACTIVE (pad);
  GST_OBJECT_FLAG_SET (pad, GST_PAD_FLAG_NEED_PARENT);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);

  /* then check to see if there's already a pad by that name here */
  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  if (G_UNLIKELY (!gst_object_check_uniqueness (element->pads, pad_name)))
    goto name_exists;

  /* try to set the pad's parent */
  if (G_UNLIKELY (!gst_object_set_parent (GST_OBJECT_CAST (pad),
              GST_OBJECT_CAST (element))))
    goto had_parent;

  /* check for active pads */
  if (!active && (GST_STATE (element) > GST_STATE_READY ||
          GST_STATE_NEXT (element) == GST_STATE_PAUSED)) {
    g_warning ("adding inactive pad '%s' to running element '%s', you need to "
        "use gst_pad_set_active(pad,TRUE) before adding it.",
        GST_STR_NULL (pad_name), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    gst_pad_set_active (pad, TRUE);
  }

  g_free (pad_name);

  /* add it to the list */
  switch (gst_pad_get_direction (pad)) {
    case GST_PAD_SRC:
      element->srcpads = g_list_append (element->srcpads, pad);
      element->numsrcpads++;
      break;
    case GST_PAD_SINK:
      element->sinkpads = g_list_append (element->sinkpads, pad);
      element->numsinkpads++;
      break;
    default:
      goto no_direction;
  }
  element->pads = g_list_append (element->pads, pad);
  element->numpads++;
  element->pads_cookie++;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  /* emit the PAD_ADDED signal */
  g_signal_emit (element, gst_element_signals[PAD_ADDED], 0, pad);
  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_ADD_PAD (element, pad);
  return TRUE;

  /* ERROR cases */
name_exists:
  {
    g_critical ("Padname %s is not unique in element %s, not adding",
        pad_name, GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    g_free (pad_name);
    gst_object_ref_sink (pad);
    gst_object_unref (pad);
    return FALSE;
  }
had_parent:
  {
    g_critical
        ("Pad %s already has parent when trying to add to element %s",
        pad_name, GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    g_free (pad_name);
    return FALSE;
  }
no_direction:
  {
    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (pad);
    g_critical
        ("Trying to add pad %s to element %s, but it has no direction",
        GST_OBJECT_NAME (pad), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_remove_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to remove pad from.
 * @pad: (transfer none): the #GstPad to remove from the element.
 *
 * Removes @pad from @element. @pad will be destroyed if it has not been
 * referenced elsewhere using gst_object_unparent().
 *
 * This function is used by plugin developers and should not be used
 * by applications. Pads that were dynamically requested from elements
 * with gst_element_request_pad() should be released with the
 * gst_element_release_request_pad() function instead.
 *
 * Pads are not automatically deactivated so elements should perform the needed
 * steps to deactivate the pad in case this pad is removed in the PAUSED or
 * PLAYING state. See gst_pad_set_active() for more information about
 * deactivating pads.
 *
 * The pad and the element should be unlocked when calling this function.
 *
 * This function will emit the #GstElement::pad-removed signal on the element.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the pad could be removed. Can return %FALSE if the
 * pad does not belong to the provided element.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_remove_pad (GstElement * element, GstPad * pad)
{
  GstPad *peer;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad), FALSE);

  /* locking pad to look at the name and parent */
  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (pad);
  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element, "removing pad '%s'",
      GST_STR_NULL (GST_PAD_NAME (pad)));

  if (G_UNLIKELY (GST_PAD_PARENT (pad) != element))
    goto not_our_pad;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);

  /* unlink */
  if ((peer = gst_pad_get_peer (pad))) {
    /* window for MT unsafeness, someone else could unlink here
     * and then we call unlink with wrong pads. The unlink
     * function would catch this and safely return failed. */
    if (GST_PAD_IS_SRC (pad))
      gst_pad_unlink (pad, peer);
    else
      gst_pad_unlink (peer, pad);

    gst_object_unref (peer);
  }

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  /* remove it from the list */
  switch (gst_pad_get_direction (pad)) {
    case GST_PAD_SRC:
      element->srcpads = g_list_remove (element->srcpads, pad);
      element->numsrcpads--;
      break;
    case GST_PAD_SINK:
      element->sinkpads = g_list_remove (element->sinkpads, pad);
      element->numsinkpads--;
      break;
    default:
      g_critical ("Removing pad without direction???");
      break;
  }
  element->pads = g_list_remove (element->pads, pad);
  element->numpads--;
  element->pads_cookie++;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  /* emit the PAD_REMOVED signal before unparenting and losing the last ref. */
  g_signal_emit (element, gst_element_signals[PAD_REMOVED], 0, pad);
  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_REMOVE_PAD (element, pad);
  gst_object_unparent (GST_OBJECT_CAST (pad));

  return TRUE;

  /* ERRORS */
not_our_pad:
  {
    /* locking order is element > pad */
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);

    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (pad);
    g_critical ("Padname %s:%s does not belong to element %s when removing",
        GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_no_more_pads:
 * @element: a #GstElement
 *
 * Use this function to signal that the element does not expect any more pads
 * to show up in the current pipeline. This function should be called whenever
 * pads have been added by the element itself. Elements with #GST_PAD_SOMETIMES
 * pad templates use this in combination with autopluggers to figure out that
 * the element is done initializing its pads.
 *
 * This function emits the #GstElement::no-more-pads signal.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_no_more_pads (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  g_signal_emit (element, gst_element_signals[NO_MORE_PADS], 0);
}

static gint
pad_compare_name (GstPad * pad1, const gchar * name)
{
  gint result;

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (pad1);
  result = strcmp (GST_PAD_NAME (pad1), name);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad1);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_static_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to find a static pad of.
 * @name: the name of the static #GstPad to retrieve.
 *
 * Retrieves a pad from @element by name. This version only retrieves
 * already-existing (i.e. 'static') pads.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): the requested #GstPad if
 *     found, otherwise %NULL.  unref after usage.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_static_pad (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  GList *find;
  GstPad *result = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  find =
      g_list_find_custom (element->pads, name, (GCompareFunc) pad_compare_name);
  if (find) {
    result = GST_PAD_CAST (find->data);
    gst_object_ref (result);
  }

  if (result == NULL) {
    GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "no such pad '%s' in element \"%s\"",
        name, GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
  } else {
    GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "found pad %s:%s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element), name);
  }
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

static gboolean
gst_element_is_valid_request_template_name (const gchar * templ_name,
    const gchar * name)
{
  gchar *endptr;
  const gchar *templ_name_ptr, *name_ptr;
  gboolean next_specifier;
  guint templ_postfix_len = 0, name_postfix_len = 0;

  g_return_val_if_fail (templ_name != NULL, FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, FALSE);

  /* Is this the template name? */
  if (strcmp (templ_name, name) == 0)
    return TRUE;

  /* otherwise check all the specifiers */
  do {
    /* Because of sanity checks in gst_pad_template_new(), we know that %s
     * and %d and %u, occurring at the template_name */
    templ_name_ptr = strchr (templ_name, '%');

    /* check characters ahead of the specifier */
    if (!templ_name_ptr || strlen (name) <= templ_name_ptr - templ_name
        || strncmp (templ_name, name, templ_name_ptr - templ_name) != 0) {
      return FALSE;
    }

    /* %s is not allowed for multiple specifiers, just a single specifier can be
     * accepted in gst_pad_template_new() and can not be mixed with other
     * specifier '%u' and '%d' */
    if (*(templ_name_ptr + 1) == 's' && g_strcmp0 (templ_name, name) == 0) {
      return TRUE;
    }

    name_ptr = name + (templ_name_ptr - templ_name);

    /* search next specifier, each of specifier should be separated by '_' */
    templ_name = strchr (templ_name_ptr, '_');
    name = strchr (name_ptr, '_');

    /* don't match the number of specifiers */
    if ((templ_name && !name) || (!templ_name && name))
      return FALSE;

    if (templ_name && name)
      next_specifier = TRUE;
    else
      next_specifier = FALSE;

    /* check characters followed by the specifier */
    if (*(templ_name_ptr + 2) != '\0' && *(templ_name_ptr + 2) != '_') {
      if (next_specifier) {
        templ_postfix_len = templ_name - (templ_name_ptr + 2);
        name_postfix_len = name - name_ptr;
      } else {
        templ_postfix_len = strlen (templ_name_ptr + 2);
        name_postfix_len = strlen (name_ptr);
      }

      if (strncmp (templ_name_ptr + 2,
              name_ptr + name_postfix_len - templ_postfix_len,
              templ_postfix_len) != 0) {
        return FALSE;
      }
    }

    /* verify the specifier */
    if (*(name_ptr) == '%') {
      guint len;

      len = (next_specifier) ? name - name_ptr : strlen (name_ptr);

      if (strncmp (name_ptr, templ_name_ptr, len) != 0)
        return FALSE;

    } else {
      const gchar *specifier;
      gchar *target = NULL;

      /* extract specifier when it has postfix characters */
      if (name_postfix_len > templ_postfix_len) {
        target = g_strndup (name_ptr, name_postfix_len - templ_postfix_len);
      }
      specifier = target ? target : name_ptr;

      if (*(templ_name_ptr + 1) == 'd') {
        gint64 tmp;

        /* it's an int */
        tmp = g_ascii_strtoll (specifier, &endptr, 10);
        if (tmp < G_MININT || tmp > G_MAXINT || (*endptr != '\0'
                && *endptr != '_'))
          return FALSE;
      } else if (*(templ_name_ptr + 1) == 'u') {
        guint64 tmp;

        /* it's an int */
        tmp = g_ascii_strtoull (specifier, &endptr, 10);
        if (tmp > G_MAXUINT || (*endptr != '\0' && *endptr != '_'))
          return FALSE;
      }

      g_free (target);
    }

    /* otherwise we increment these from NULL to 1 */
    if (next_specifier) {
      templ_name++;
      name++;
    }
  } while (next_specifier);

  return TRUE;
}

static GstPad *
_gst_element_request_pad (GstElement * element, GstPadTemplate * templ,
    const gchar * name, const GstCaps * caps)
{
  GstPad *newpad = NULL;
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

#ifndef G_DISABLE_CHECKS
  /* Some sanity checking here */
  if (name) {
    GstPad *pad;

    g_return_val_if_fail (gst_element_is_valid_request_template_name
        (templ->name_template, name), NULL);

    pad = gst_element_get_static_pad (element, name);
    if (pad) {
      gst_object_unref (pad);
      /* FIXME 2.0: Change this to g_return_val_if_fail() */
      g_critical ("Element %s already has a pad named %s, the behaviour of "
          " gst_element_get_request_pad() for existing pads is undefined!",
          GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element), name);
    }
  }
#endif

  if (oclass->request_new_pad)
    newpad = (oclass->request_new_pad) (element, templ, name, caps);

  if (newpad)
    gst_object_ref (newpad);

  return newpad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_request_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to find a request pad of.
 * @name: the name of the request #GstPad to retrieve.
 *
 * Retrieves a pad from the element by name (e.g. "src_\%d"). This version only
 * retrieves request pads. The pad should be released with
 * gst_element_release_request_pad().
 *
 * This method is slower than manually getting the pad template and calling
 * gst_element_request_pad() if the pads should have a specific name (e.g.
 * @name is "src_1" instead of "src_\%u").
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): requested #GstPad if found,
 *     otherwise %NULL.  Release after usage.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_get_request_pad (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  GstPadTemplate *templ = NULL;
  GstPad *pad;
  const gchar *req_name = NULL;
  gboolean templ_found = FALSE;
  GList *list;
  GstElementClass *class;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  class = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  templ = gst_element_class_get_request_pad_template (class, name);
  if (templ) {
    req_name = strstr (name, "%") ? NULL : name;
    templ_found = TRUE;
  } else {
    /* there is no % in the name, try to find a matching template */
    list = class->padtemplates;
    while (!templ_found && list) {
      templ = (GstPadTemplate *) list->data;
      if (templ->presence == GST_PAD_REQUEST) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_PADS, "comparing %s to %s", name,
            templ->name_template);
        if (gst_element_is_valid_request_template_name (templ->name_template,
                name)) {
          templ_found = TRUE;
          req_name = name;
          break;
        }
      }
      list = list->next;
    }
  }

  if (!templ_found)
    return NULL;

  pad = _gst_element_request_pad (element, templ, req_name, NULL);

  return pad;
}

/**
 * gst_element_request_pad: (virtual request_new_pad)
 * @element: a #GstElement to find a request pad of.
 * @templ: a #GstPadTemplate of which we want a pad of.
 * @name: (transfer none) (allow-none): the name of the request #GstPad
 * to retrieve. Can be %NULL.
 * @caps: (transfer none) (allow-none): the caps of the pad we want to
 * request. Can be %NULL.
 *
 * Retrieves a request pad from the element according to the provided template.
 * Pad templates can be looked up using
 * gst_element_factory_get_static_pad_templates().
 *
 * The pad should be released with gst_element_release_request_pad().
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): requested #GstPad if found,
 *     otherwise %NULL.  Release after usage.
 */
GstPad *
gst_element_request_pad (GstElement * element,
    GstPadTemplate * templ, const gchar * name, const GstCaps * caps)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (templ != NULL, NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (templ->presence == GST_PAD_REQUEST, NULL);

  return _gst_element_request_pad (element, templ, name, caps);
}

static GstIterator *
gst_element_iterate_pad_list (GstElement * element, GList ** padlist)
{
  GstIterator *result;

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  result = gst_iterator_new_list (GST_TYPE_PAD,
      GST_OBJECT_GET_LOCK (element),
      &element->pads_cookie, padlist, (GObject *) element, NULL);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_iterate_pads:
 * @element: a #GstElement to iterate pads of.
 *
 * Retrieves an iterator of @element's pads. The iterator should
 * be freed after usage. Also more specialized iterators exists such as
 * gst_element_iterate_src_pads() or gst_element_iterate_sink_pads().
 *
 * The order of pads returned by the iterator will be the order in which
 * the pads were added to the element.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): the #GstIterator of #GstPad.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstIterator *
gst_element_iterate_pads (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return gst_element_iterate_pad_list (element, &element->pads);
}

/**
 * gst_element_iterate_src_pads:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Retrieves an iterator of @element's source pads.
 *
 * The order of pads returned by the iterator will be the order in which
 * the pads were added to the element.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): the #GstIterator of #GstPad.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstIterator *
gst_element_iterate_src_pads (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return gst_element_iterate_pad_list (element, &element->srcpads);
}

/**
 * gst_element_iterate_sink_pads:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Retrieves an iterator of @element's sink pads.
 *
 * The order of pads returned by the iterator will be the order in which
 * the pads were added to the element.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): the #GstIterator of #GstPad.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstIterator *
gst_element_iterate_sink_pads (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return gst_element_iterate_pad_list (element, &element->sinkpads);
}

static gboolean
gst_element_do_foreach_pad (GstElement * element,
    GstElementForeachPadFunc func, gpointer user_data,
    GList ** p_pads, guint16 * p_npads)
{
  gboolean ret = TRUE;
  GstPad **pads;
  guint n_pads, i;
  GList *l;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (func != NULL, FALSE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  n_pads = *p_npads;
  pads = g_newa (GstPad *, n_pads + 1);
  for (l = *p_pads, i = 0; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
    g_assert (i < n_pads);
    pads[i++] = gst_object_ref (l->data);
  }
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  if (n_pads == 0)
    return FALSE;

  for (i = 0; i < n_pads; ++i) {
    ret = func (element, pads[i], user_data);
    if (!ret)
      break;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < n_pads; ++i)
    gst_object_unref (pads[i]);

  return ret;
}

/**
 * gst_element_foreach_sink_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to iterate sink pads of
 * @func: (scope call): function to call for each sink pad
 * @user_data: (closure): user data passed to @func
 *
 * Call @func with @user_data for each of @element's sink pads. @func will be
 * called exactly once for each sink pad that exists at the time of this call,
 * unless one of the calls to @func returns %FALSE in which case we will stop
 * iterating pads and return early. If new sink pads are added or sink pads
 * are removed while the sink pads are being iterated, this will not be taken
 * into account until next time this function is used.
 *
 * Returns: %FALSE if @element had no sink pads or if one of the calls to @func
 *   returned %FALSE.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
gboolean
gst_element_foreach_sink_pad (GstElement * element,
    GstElementForeachPadFunc func, gpointer user_data)
{
  return gst_element_do_foreach_pad (element, func, user_data,
      &element->sinkpads, &element->numsinkpads);
}

/**
 * gst_element_foreach_src_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to iterate source pads of
 * @func: (scope call): function to call for each source pad
 * @user_data: (closure): user data passed to @func
 *
 * Call @func with @user_data for each of @element's source pads. @func will be
 * called exactly once for each source pad that exists at the time of this call,
 * unless one of the calls to @func returns %FALSE in which case we will stop
 * iterating pads and return early. If new source pads are added or source pads
 * are removed while the source pads are being iterated, this will not be taken
 * into account until next time this function is used.
 *
 * Returns: %FALSE if @element had no source pads or if one of the calls
 *   to @func returned %FALSE.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
gboolean
gst_element_foreach_src_pad (GstElement * element,
    GstElementForeachPadFunc func, gpointer user_data)
{
  return gst_element_do_foreach_pad (element, func, user_data,
      &element->srcpads, &element->numsrcpads);
}

/**
 * gst_element_foreach_pad:
 * @element: a #GstElement to iterate pads of
 * @func: (scope call): function to call for each pad
 * @user_data: (closure): user data passed to @func
 *
 * Call @func with @user_data for each of @element's pads. @func will be called
 * exactly once for each pad that exists at the time of this call, unless
 * one of the calls to @func returns %FALSE in which case we will stop
 * iterating pads and return early. If new pads are added or pads are removed
 * while pads are being iterated, this will not be taken into account until
 * next time this function is used.
 *
 * Returns: %FALSE if @element had no pads or if one of the calls to @func
 *   returned %FALSE.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
gboolean
gst_element_foreach_pad (GstElement * element, GstElementForeachPadFunc func,
    gpointer user_data)
{
  return gst_element_do_foreach_pad (element, func, user_data,
      &element->pads, &element->numpads);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_add_pad_template:
 * @klass: the #GstElementClass to add the pad template to.
 * @templ: (transfer floating): a #GstPadTemplate to add to the element class.
 *
 * Adds a padtemplate to an element class. This is mainly used in the _class_init
 * functions of classes. If a pad template with the same name as an already
 * existing one is added the old one is replaced by the new one.
 *
 * @templ's reference count will be incremented, and any floating
 * reference will be removed (see gst_object_ref_sink())
 *
 */
void
gst_element_class_add_pad_template (GstElementClass * klass,
    GstPadTemplate * templ)
{
  GList *template_list = klass->padtemplates;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD_TEMPLATE (templ));

  /* If we already have a pad template with the same name replace the
   * old one. */
  while (template_list) {
    GstPadTemplate *padtempl = (GstPadTemplate *) template_list->data;

    /* Found pad with the same name, replace and return */
    if (strcmp (templ->name_template, padtempl->name_template) == 0) {
      gst_object_ref_sink (padtempl);
      gst_object_unref (padtempl);
      template_list->data = templ;
      return;
    }
    template_list = g_list_next (template_list);
  }

  /* Take ownership of the floating ref */
  gst_object_ref_sink (templ);

  klass->padtemplates = g_list_append (klass->padtemplates, templ);
  klass->numpadtemplates++;
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template:
 * @klass: the #GstElementClass to add the pad template to.
 * @static_templ: #GstStaticPadTemplate to add as pad template to the element class.
 *
 * Adds a pad template to an element class based on the static pad template
 * @templ. This is mainly used in the _class_init functions of element
 * implementations. If a pad template with the same name already exists,
 * the old one is replaced by the new one.
 *
 * Since: 1.8
 */
void
gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template (GstElementClass * klass,
    GstStaticPadTemplate * static_templ)
{
  gst_element_class_add_pad_template (klass,
      gst_static_pad_template_get (static_templ));
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template_with_gtype:
 * @klass: the #GstElementClass to add the pad template to.
 * @static_templ: #GstStaticPadTemplate to add as pad template to the element class.
 * @pad_type: The #GType of the pad to create
 *
 * Adds a pad template to an element class based on the static pad template
 * @templ. This is mainly used in the _class_init functions of element
 * implementations. If a pad template with the same name already exists,
 * the old one is replaced by the new one.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
void
gst_element_class_add_static_pad_template_with_gtype (GstElementClass * klass,
    GstStaticPadTemplate * static_templ, GType pad_type)
{
  gst_element_class_add_pad_template (klass,
      gst_pad_template_new_from_static_pad_template_with_gtype (static_templ,
          pad_type));
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_add_metadata:
 * @klass: class to set metadata for
 * @key: the key to set
 * @value: the value to set
 *
 * Set @key with @value as metadata in @klass.
 */
void
gst_element_class_add_metadata (GstElementClass * klass,
    const gchar * key, const gchar * value)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (key != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (value != NULL);

  gst_structure_set ((GstStructure *) klass->metadata,
      key, G_TYPE_STRING, value, NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_add_static_metadata:
 * @klass: class to set metadata for
 * @key: the key to set
 * @value: the value to set
 *
 * Set @key with @value as metadata in @klass.
 *
 * Same as gst_element_class_add_metadata(), but @value must be a static string
 * or an inlined string, as it will not be copied. (GStreamer plugins will
 * be made resident once loaded, so this function can be used even from
 * dynamically loaded plugins.)
 */
void
gst_element_class_add_static_metadata (GstElementClass * klass,
    const gchar * key, const gchar * value)
{
  GValue val = G_VALUE_INIT;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (key != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (value != NULL);

  g_value_init (&val, G_TYPE_STRING);
  g_value_set_static_string (&val, value);
  gst_structure_take_value ((GstStructure *) klass->metadata, key, &val);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_set_metadata:
 * @klass: class to set metadata for
 * @longname: The long English name of the element. E.g. "File Sink"
 * @classification: String describing the type of element, as an unordered list
 * separated with slashes ('/'). See draft-klass.txt of the design docs
 * for more details and common types. E.g: "Sink/File"
 * @description: Sentence describing the purpose of the element.
 * E.g: "Write stream to a file"
 * @author: Name and contact details of the author(s). Use \n to separate
 * multiple author metadata. E.g: "Joe Bloggs &lt;joe.blogs at foo.com&gt;"
 *
 * Sets the detailed information for a #GstElementClass.
 * > This function is for use in _class_init functions only.
 */
void
gst_element_class_set_metadata (GstElementClass * klass,
    const gchar * longname, const gchar * classification,
    const gchar * description, const gchar * author)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (longname != NULL && *longname != '\0');
  g_return_if_fail (classification != NULL && *classification != '\0');
  g_return_if_fail (description != NULL && *description != '\0');
  g_return_if_fail (author != NULL && *author != '\0');

  gst_structure_id_set ((GstStructure *) klass->metadata,
      GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_LONGNAME), G_TYPE_STRING, longname,
      GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_KLASS), G_TYPE_STRING, classification,
      GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_DESCRIPTION), G_TYPE_STRING, description,
      GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_AUTHOR), G_TYPE_STRING, author, NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_set_static_metadata:
 * @klass: class to set metadata for
 * @longname: The long English name of the element. E.g. "File Sink"
 * @classification: String describing the type of element, as an unordered list
 * separated with slashes ('/'). See draft-klass.txt of the design docs
 * for more details and common types. E.g: "Sink/File"
 * @description: Sentence describing the purpose of the element.
 * E.g: "Write stream to a file"
 * @author: Name and contact details of the author(s). Use \n to separate
 * multiple author metadata. E.g: "Joe Bloggs &lt;joe.blogs at foo.com&gt;"
 *
 * Sets the detailed information for a #GstElementClass.
 *
 * > This function is for use in _class_init functions only.
 *
 * Same as gst_element_class_set_metadata(), but @longname, @classification,
 * @description, and @author must be static strings or inlined strings, as
 * they will not be copied. (GStreamer plugins will be made resident once
 * loaded, so this function can be used even from dynamically loaded plugins.)
 */
void
gst_element_class_set_static_metadata (GstElementClass * klass,
    const gchar * longname, const gchar * classification,
    const gchar * description, const gchar * author)
{
  GstStructure *s = (GstStructure *) klass->metadata;
  GValue val = G_VALUE_INIT;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass));
  g_return_if_fail (longname != NULL && *longname != '\0');
  g_return_if_fail (classification != NULL && *classification != '\0');
  g_return_if_fail (description != NULL && *description != '\0');
  g_return_if_fail (author != NULL && *author != '\0');

  g_value_init (&val, G_TYPE_STRING);

  g_value_set_static_string (&val, longname);
  gst_structure_id_set_value (s, GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_LONGNAME), &val);

  g_value_set_static_string (&val, classification);
  gst_structure_id_set_value (s, GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_KLASS), &val);

  g_value_set_static_string (&val, description);
  gst_structure_id_set_value (s, GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_DESCRIPTION),
      &val);

  g_value_set_static_string (&val, author);
  gst_structure_id_take_value (s, GST_QUARK (ELEMENT_METADATA_AUTHOR), &val);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_get_metadata:
 * @klass: class to get metadata for
 * @key: the key to get
 *
 * Get metadata with @key in @klass.
 *
 * Returns: the metadata for @key.
 */
const gchar *
gst_element_class_get_metadata (GstElementClass * klass, const gchar * key)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (klass), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (key != NULL, NULL);

  return gst_structure_get_string ((GstStructure *) klass->metadata, key);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_metadata:
 * @element: class to get metadata for
 * @key: the key to get
 *
 * Get metadata with @key in @klass.
 *
 * Returns: the metadata for @key.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
const gchar *
gst_element_get_metadata (GstElement * element, const gchar * key)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (key != NULL, NULL);

  return gst_element_class_get_metadata (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element), key);
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list:
 * @element_class: a #GstElementClass to get pad templates of.
 *
 * Retrieves a list of the pad templates associated with @element_class. The
 * list must not be modified by the calling code.
 * > If you use this function in the #GInstanceInitFunc of an object class
 * > that has subclasses, make sure to pass the g_class parameter of the
 * > #GInstanceInitFunc here.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer none) (element-type Gst.PadTemplate): the #GList of
 *     pad templates.
 */
GList *
gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list (GstElementClass * element_class)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (element_class), NULL);

  return element_class->padtemplates;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_pad_template_list:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get pad templates of.
 *
 * Retrieves a list of the pad templates associated with @element. The
 * list must not be modified by the calling code.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer none) (element-type Gst.PadTemplate): the #GList of
 *     pad templates.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
GList *
gst_element_get_pad_template_list (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return
      gst_element_class_get_pad_template_list (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element));
}

/**
 * gst_element_class_get_pad_template:
 * @element_class: a #GstElementClass to get the pad template of.
 * @name: the name of the #GstPadTemplate to get.
 *
 * Retrieves a padtemplate from @element_class with the given name.
 * > If you use this function in the #GInstanceInitFunc of an object class
 * > that has subclasses, make sure to pass the g_class parameter of the
 * > #GInstanceInitFunc here.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer none) (nullable): the #GstPadTemplate with the
 *     given name, or %NULL if none was found. No unreferencing is
 *     necessary.
 */
GstPadTemplate *
gst_element_class_get_pad_template (GstElementClass *
    element_class, const gchar * name)
{
  GList *padlist;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT_CLASS (element_class), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  padlist = element_class->padtemplates;

  while (padlist) {
    GstPadTemplate *padtempl = (GstPadTemplate *) padlist->data;

    if (strcmp (padtempl->name_template, name) == 0)
      return padtempl;

    padlist = g_list_next (padlist);
  }

  return NULL;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_pad_template:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the pad template of.
 * @name: the name of the #GstPadTemplate to get.
 *
 * Retrieves a padtemplate from @element with the given name.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer none) (nullable): the #GstPadTemplate with the
 *     given name, or %NULL if none was found. No unreferencing is
 *     necessary.
 *
 * Since: 1.14
 */
GstPadTemplate *
gst_element_get_pad_template (GstElement * element, const gchar * name)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);
  g_return_val_if_fail (name != NULL, NULL);

  return gst_element_class_get_pad_template (GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element),
      name);
}

static GstPadTemplate *
gst_element_class_get_request_pad_template (GstElementClass *
    element_class, const gchar * name)
{
  GstPadTemplate *tmpl;

  tmpl = gst_element_class_get_pad_template (element_class, name);
  if (tmpl != NULL && tmpl->presence == GST_PAD_REQUEST)
    return tmpl;

  return NULL;
}

/* get a random pad on element of the given direction.
 * The pad is random in a sense that it is the first pad that is (optionaly) linked.
 */
static GstPad *
gst_element_get_random_pad (GstElement * element,
    gboolean need_linked, GstPadDirection dir)
{
  GstPad *result = NULL;
  GList *pads;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "getting a random pad");

  switch (dir) {
    case GST_PAD_SRC:
      GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
      pads = element->srcpads;
      break;
    case GST_PAD_SINK:
      GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
      pads = element->sinkpads;
      break;
    default:
      goto wrong_direction;
  }
  for (; pads; pads = g_list_next (pads)) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD_CAST (pads->data);

    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (pad);
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "checking pad %s:%s",
        GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));

    if (need_linked && !GST_PAD_IS_LINKED (pad)) {
      /* if we require a linked pad, and it is not linked, continue the
       * search */
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "pad %s:%s is not linked",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);
      continue;
    } else {
      /* found a pad, stop search */
      GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "found pad %s:%s",
          GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (pad);
      result = pad;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (result)
    gst_object_ref (result);

  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;

  /* ERROR handling */
wrong_direction:
  {
    g_warning ("unknown pad direction %d", dir);
    return NULL;
  }
}

static gboolean
gst_element_default_send_event (GstElement * element, GstEvent * event)
{
  gboolean result = FALSE;
  GstPad *pad;

  pad = GST_EVENT_IS_DOWNSTREAM (event) ?
      gst_element_get_random_pad (element, TRUE, GST_PAD_SINK) :
      gst_element_get_random_pad (element, TRUE, GST_PAD_SRC);

  if (pad) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS,
        "pushing %s event to random %s pad %s:%s",
        GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (event),
        (GST_PAD_DIRECTION (pad) == GST_PAD_SRC ? "src" : "sink"),
        GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));

    result = gst_pad_send_event (pad, event);
    gst_object_unref (pad);
  } else {
    GST_CAT_INFO (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "can't send %s event on element %s",
        GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (event), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    gst_event_unref (event);
  }
  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_send_event:
 * @element: a #GstElement to send the event to.
 * @event: (transfer full): the #GstEvent to send to the element.
 *
 * Sends an event to an element. If the element doesn't implement an
 * event handler, the event will be pushed on a random linked sink pad for
 * downstream events or a random linked source pad for upstream events.
 *
 * This function takes ownership of the provided event so you should
 * gst_event_ref() it if you want to reuse the event after this call.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the event was handled. Events that trigger a preroll (such
 * as flushing seeks and steps) will emit %GST_MESSAGE_ASYNC_DONE.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_send_event (GstElement * element, GstEvent * event)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  gboolean result = FALSE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (event != NULL, FALSE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  GST_STATE_LOCK (element);
  if (oclass->send_event) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "send %s event on element %s",
        GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME (event), GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    result = oclass->send_event (element, event);
  } else {
    gst_event_unref (event);
  }
  GST_STATE_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_seek:
 * @element: a #GstElement to send the event to.
 * @rate: The new playback rate
 * @format: The format of the seek values
 * @flags: The optional seek flags.
 * @start_type: The type and flags for the new start position
 * @start: The value of the new start position
 * @stop_type: The type and flags for the new stop position
 * @stop: The value of the new stop position
 *
 * Sends a seek event to an element. See gst_event_new_seek() for the details of
 * the parameters. The seek event is sent to the element using
 * gst_element_send_event().
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the event was handled. Flushing seeks will trigger a
 * preroll, which will emit %GST_MESSAGE_ASYNC_DONE.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_seek (GstElement * element, gdouble rate, GstFormat format,
    GstSeekFlags flags, GstSeekType start_type, gint64 start,
    GstSeekType stop_type, gint64 stop)
{
  GstEvent *event;
  gboolean result;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  event =
      gst_event_new_seek (rate, format, flags, start_type, start, stop_type,
      stop);
  result = gst_element_send_event (element, event);

  return result;
}

static gboolean
gst_element_default_query (GstElement * element, GstQuery * query)
{
  gboolean result = FALSE;
  GstPad *pad;

  pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, FALSE, GST_PAD_SRC);
  if (pad) {
    result = gst_pad_query (pad, query);

    gst_object_unref (pad);
  } else {
    pad = gst_element_get_random_pad (element, TRUE, GST_PAD_SINK);
    if (pad) {
      GstPad *peer = gst_pad_get_peer (pad);

      if (peer) {
        result = gst_pad_query (peer, query);

        gst_object_unref (peer);
      }
      gst_object_unref (pad);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_query:
 * @element: a #GstElement to perform the query on.
 * @query: (transfer none): the #GstQuery.
 *
 * Performs a query on the given element.
 *
 * For elements that don't implement a query handler, this function
 * forwards the query to a random srcpad or to the peer of a
 * random linked sinkpad of this element.
 *
 * Please note that some queries might need a running pipeline to work.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the query could be performed.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_query (GstElement * element, GstQuery * query)
{
  GstElementClass *klass;
  gboolean res = FALSE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (query != NULL, FALSE);

  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_QUERY_PRE (element, query);

  klass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);
  if (klass->query) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, "send query on element %s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    res = klass->query (element, query);
  }

  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_QUERY_POST (element, query, res);
  return res;
}

static gboolean
gst_element_post_message_default (GstElement * element, GstMessage * message)
{
  GstBus *bus;
  gboolean result = FALSE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (message != NULL, FALSE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  bus = element->bus;

  if (G_UNLIKELY (bus == NULL))
    goto no_bus;

  gst_object_ref (bus);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  /* we release the element lock when posting the message so that any
   * (synchronous) message handlers can operate on the element */
  result = gst_bus_post (bus, message);
  gst_object_unref (bus);

  return result;

  /* ERRORS */
no_bus:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_MESSAGE, element,
        "not posting message %p: no bus", message);
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    gst_message_unref (message);
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_post_message:
 * @element: a #GstElement posting the message
 * @message: (transfer full): a #GstMessage to post
 *
 * Post a message on the element's #GstBus. This function takes ownership of the
 * message; if you want to access the message after this call, you should add an
 * additional reference before calling.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the message was successfully posted. The function returns
 * %FALSE if the element did not have a bus.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_post_message (GstElement * element, GstMessage * message)
{
  GstElementClass *klass;
  gboolean res = FALSE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);
  g_return_val_if_fail (message != NULL, FALSE);

  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_POST_MESSAGE_PRE (element, message);

  klass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);
  if (klass->post_message)
    res = klass->post_message (element, message);
  else
    gst_message_unref (message);

  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_POST_MESSAGE_POST (element, res);
  return res;
}

/**
 * _gst_element_error_printf:
 * @format: (allow-none): the printf-like format to use, or %NULL
 *
 * This function is only used internally by the gst_element_error() macro.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): a newly allocated string, or
 *     %NULL if the format was %NULL or ""
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gchar *
_gst_element_error_printf (const gchar * format, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  gchar *buffer;
  int len;

  if (format == NULL)
    return NULL;
  if (format[0] == 0)
    return NULL;

  va_start (args, format);

  len = __gst_vasprintf (&buffer, format, args);

  va_end (args);

  if (len < 0)
    buffer = NULL;

  return buffer;
}

/**
 * gst_element_message_full_with_details:
 * @element:  a #GstElement to send message from
 * @type:     the #GstMessageType
 * @domain:   the GStreamer GError domain this message belongs to
 * @code:     the GError code belonging to the domain
 * @text:     (allow-none) (transfer full): an allocated text string to be used
 *            as a replacement for the default message connected to code,
 *            or %NULL
 * @debug:    (allow-none) (transfer full): an allocated debug message to be
 *            used as a replacement for the default debugging information,
 *            or %NULL
 * @file:     the source code file where the error was generated
 * @function: the source code function where the error was generated
 * @line:     the source code line where the error was generated
 * @structure:(transfer full): optional details structure
 *
 * Post an error, warning or info message on the bus from inside an element.
 *
 * @type must be of #GST_MESSAGE_ERROR, #GST_MESSAGE_WARNING or
 * #GST_MESSAGE_INFO.
 *
 * Since: 1.10
 */
void gst_element_message_full_with_details
    (GstElement * element, GstMessageType type,
    GQuark domain, gint code, gchar * text,
    gchar * debug, const gchar * file, const gchar * function, gint line,
    GstStructure * structure)
{
  GError *gerror = NULL;
  gchar *name;
  gchar *sent_text;
  gchar *sent_debug;
  gboolean has_debug = TRUE;
  GstMessage *message = NULL;

  /* checks */
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_MESSAGE, element, "start");
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail ((type == GST_MESSAGE_ERROR) ||
      (type == GST_MESSAGE_WARNING) || (type == GST_MESSAGE_INFO));

  /* check if we send the given text or the default error text */
  if ((text == NULL) || (text[0] == 0)) {
    /* text could have come from g_strdup_printf (""); */
    g_free (text);
    sent_text = gst_error_get_message (domain, code);
  } else
    sent_text = text;

  /* construct a sent_debug with extra information from source */
  if ((debug == NULL) || (debug[0] == 0)) {
    /* debug could have come from g_strdup_printf (""); */
    has_debug = FALSE;
  }

  name = gst_object_get_path_string (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element));
  if (has_debug)
    sent_debug = g_strdup_printf ("%s(%d): %s (): %s:\n%s",
        file, line, function, name, debug);
  else
    sent_debug = g_strdup_printf ("%s(%d): %s (): %s",
        file, line, function, name);
  g_free (name);
  g_free (debug);

  /* create gerror and post message */
  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM, element, "posting message: %s",
      sent_text);
  gerror = g_error_new_literal (domain, code, sent_text);

  switch (type) {
    case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
      message =
          gst_message_new_error_with_details (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element), gerror,
          sent_debug, structure);
      break;
    case GST_MESSAGE_WARNING:
      message =
          gst_message_new_warning_with_details (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element),
          gerror, sent_debug, structure);
      break;
    case GST_MESSAGE_INFO:
      message =
          gst_message_new_info_with_details (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element), gerror,
          sent_debug, structure);
      break;
    default:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      break;
  }

  gst_element_post_message (element, message);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ERROR_SYSTEM, element, "posted %s message: %s",
      (type == GST_MESSAGE_ERROR ? "error" : "warning"), sent_text);

  /* cleanup */
  g_error_free (gerror);
  g_free (sent_debug);
  g_free (sent_text);
}

/**
 * gst_element_message_full:
 * @element:  a #GstElement to send message from
 * @type:     the #GstMessageType
 * @domain:   the GStreamer GError domain this message belongs to
 * @code:     the GError code belonging to the domain
 * @text:     (allow-none) (transfer full): an allocated text string to be used
 *            as a replacement for the default message connected to code,
 *            or %NULL
 * @debug:    (allow-none) (transfer full): an allocated debug message to be
 *            used as a replacement for the default debugging information,
 *            or %NULL
 * @file:     the source code file where the error was generated
 * @function: the source code function where the error was generated
 * @line:     the source code line where the error was generated
 *
 * Post an error, warning or info message on the bus from inside an element.
 *
 * @type must be of #GST_MESSAGE_ERROR, #GST_MESSAGE_WARNING or
 * #GST_MESSAGE_INFO.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void gst_element_message_full
    (GstElement * element, GstMessageType type,
    GQuark domain, gint code, gchar * text,
    gchar * debug, const gchar * file, const gchar * function, gint line)
{
  gst_element_message_full_with_details (element, type, domain, code, text,
      debug, file, function, line, NULL);
}

/**
 * gst_element_is_locked_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Checks if the state of an element is locked.
 * If the state of an element is locked, state changes of the parent don't
 * affect the element.
 * This way you can leave currently unused elements inside bins. Just lock their
 * state before changing the state from #GST_STATE_NULL.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE, if the element's state is locked.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_is_locked_state (GstElement * element)
{
  gboolean result;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  result = GST_ELEMENT_IS_LOCKED_STATE (element);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_locked_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement
 * @locked_state: %TRUE to lock the element's state
 *
 * Locks the state of an element, so state changes of the parent don't affect
 * this element anymore.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the state was changed, %FALSE if bad parameters were given
 * or the elements state-locking needed no change.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_set_locked_state (GstElement * element, gboolean locked_state)
{
  gboolean old;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  old = GST_ELEMENT_IS_LOCKED_STATE (element);

  if (G_UNLIKELY (old == locked_state))
    goto was_ok;

  if (locked_state) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_STATES, "locking state of element %s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_OBJECT_FLAG_SET (element, GST_ELEMENT_FLAG_LOCKED_STATE);
  } else {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_STATES, "unlocking state of element %s",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element));
    GST_OBJECT_FLAG_UNSET (element, GST_ELEMENT_FLAG_LOCKED_STATE);
  }
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return TRUE;

was_ok:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG (GST_CAT_STATES,
        "elements %s was already in locked state %d",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element), old);
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_sync_state_with_parent:
 * @element: a #GstElement.
 *
 * Tries to change the state of the element to the same as its parent.
 * If this function returns %FALSE, the state of element is undefined.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE, if the element's state could be synced to the parent's state.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
gboolean
gst_element_sync_state_with_parent (GstElement * element)
{
  GstElement *parent;
  GstState target;
  GstStateChangeReturn ret;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), FALSE);

  if ((parent = GST_ELEMENT_CAST (gst_element_get_parent (element)))) {
    GstState parent_current, parent_pending;

    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (parent);
    parent_current = GST_STATE (parent);
    parent_pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (parent);
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (parent);

    /* set to pending if there is one, else we set it to the current state of
     * the parent */
    if (parent_pending != GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING)
      target = parent_pending;
    else
      target = parent_current;

    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "syncing state (%s) to parent %s %s (%s, %s)",
        gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)),
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (parent), gst_element_state_get_name (target),
        gst_element_state_get_name (parent_current),
        gst_element_state_get_name (parent_pending));

    ret = gst_element_set_state (element, target);
    if (ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
      goto failed;

    gst_object_unref (parent);

    return TRUE;
  } else {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "element has no parent");
  }
  return FALSE;

  /* ERROR */
failed:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "syncing state failed (%s)",
        gst_element_state_change_return_get_name (ret));
    gst_object_unref (parent);
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/* MT safe */
static GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_get_state_func (GstElement * element,
    GstState * state, GstState * pending, GstClockTime timeout)
{
  GstStateChangeReturn ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
  GstState old_pending;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "getting state, timeout %"
      GST_TIME_FORMAT, GST_TIME_ARGS (timeout));

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  ret = GST_STATE_RETURN (element);
  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "RETURN is %s",
      gst_element_state_change_return_get_name (ret));

  /* we got an error, report immediately */
  if (ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
    goto done;

  /* we got no_preroll, report immediately */
  if (ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_NO_PREROLL)
    goto done;

  /* no need to wait async if we are not async */
  if (ret != GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC)
    goto done;

  old_pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (element);
  if (old_pending != GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING) {
    gboolean signaled;
    guint32 cookie;

    /* get cookie to detect state changes during waiting */
    cookie = element->state_cookie;

    GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "waiting for element to commit state");

    /* we have a pending state change, wait for it to complete */
    if (timeout != GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE) {
      gint64 end_time;
      /* make timeout absolute */
      end_time = g_get_monotonic_time () + (timeout / 1000);
      signaled = GST_STATE_WAIT_UNTIL (element, end_time);
    } else {
      GST_STATE_WAIT (element);
      signaled = TRUE;
    }

    if (!signaled) {
      GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "timed out");
      /* timeout triggered */
      ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC;
    } else {
      if (cookie != element->state_cookie)
        goto interrupted;

      /* could be success or failure */
      if (old_pending == GST_STATE (element)) {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "got success");
        ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;
      } else {
        GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "got failure");
        ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
      }
    }
    /* if nothing is pending anymore we can return SUCCESS */
    if (GST_STATE_PENDING (element) == GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING) {
      GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "nothing pending");
      ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;
    }
  }

done:
  if (state)
    *state = GST_STATE (element);
  if (pending)
    *pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "state current: %s, pending: %s, result: %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)),
      gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE_PENDING (element)),
      gst_element_state_change_return_get_name (ret));
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return ret;

interrupted:
  {
    if (state)
      *state = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
    if (pending)
      *pending = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;

    GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "interruped");

    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    return GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the state of.
 * @state: (out) (allow-none): a pointer to #GstState to hold the state.
 *     Can be %NULL.
 * @pending: (out) (allow-none): a pointer to #GstState to hold the pending
 *     state. Can be %NULL.
 * @timeout: a #GstClockTime to specify the timeout for an async
 *           state change or %GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE for infinite timeout.
 *
 * Gets the state of the element.
 *
 * For elements that performed an ASYNC state change, as reported by
 * gst_element_set_state(), this function will block up to the
 * specified timeout value for the state change to complete.
 * If the element completes the state change or goes into
 * an error, this function returns immediately with a return value of
 * %GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS or %GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE respectively.
 *
 * For elements that did not return %GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC, this function
 * returns the current and pending state immediately.
 *
 * This function returns %GST_STATE_CHANGE_NO_PREROLL if the element
 * successfully changed its state but is not able to provide data yet.
 * This mostly happens for live sources that only produce data in
 * %GST_STATE_PLAYING. While the state change return is equivalent to
 * %GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS, it is returned to the application to signal that
 * some sink elements might not be able to complete their state change because
 * an element is not producing data to complete the preroll. When setting the
 * element to playing, the preroll will complete and playback will start.
 *
 * Returns: %GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS if the element has no more pending state
 *          and the last state change succeeded, %GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC if the
 *          element is still performing a state change or
 *          %GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE if the last state change failed.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_get_state (GstElement * element,
    GstState * state, GstState * pending, GstClockTime timeout)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GstStateChangeReturn result = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->get_state)
    result = (oclass->get_state) (element, state, pending, timeout);

  return result;
}

/**
 * gst_element_abort_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement to abort the state of.
 *
 * Abort the state change of the element. This function is used
 * by elements that do asynchronous state changes and find out
 * something is wrong.
 *
 * This function should be called with the STATE_LOCK held.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_abort_state (GstElement * element)
{
  GstState pending;

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_GST_DEBUG
  GstState old_state;
#endif

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (element);

  if (pending == GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING ||
      GST_STATE_RETURN (element) == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
    goto nothing_aborted;

#ifndef GST_DISABLE_GST_DEBUG
  old_state = GST_STATE (element);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "aborting state from %s to %s", gst_element_state_get_name (old_state),
      gst_element_state_get_name (pending));
#endif

  /* flag error */
  GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;

  GST_STATE_BROADCAST (element);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return;

nothing_aborted:
  {
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    return;
  }
}

/* Not static because GstBin has manual state handling too */
void
_priv_gst_element_state_changed (GstElement * element, GstState oldstate,
    GstState newstate, GstState pending)
{
  GstElementClass *klass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);
  GstMessage *message;

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "notifying about state-changed %s to %s (%s pending)",
      gst_element_state_get_name (oldstate),
      gst_element_state_get_name (newstate),
      gst_element_state_get_name (pending));

  if (klass->state_changed)
    klass->state_changed (element, oldstate, newstate, pending);

  message = gst_message_new_state_changed (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element),
      oldstate, newstate, pending);
  gst_element_post_message (element, message);
}

/**
 * gst_element_continue_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement to continue the state change of.
 * @ret: The previous state return value
 *
 * Commit the state change of the element and proceed to the next
 * pending state if any. This function is used
 * by elements that do asynchronous state changes.
 * The core will normally call this method automatically when an
 * element returned %GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS from the state change function.
 *
 * If after calling this method the element still has not reached
 * the pending state, the next state change is performed.
 *
 * This method is used internally and should normally not be called by plugins
 * or applications.
 *
 * This function must be called with STATE_LOCK held.
 *
 * Returns: The result of the commit state change.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_continue_state (GstElement * element, GstStateChangeReturn ret)
{
  GstStateChangeReturn old_ret;
  GstState old_state, old_next;
  GstState current, next, pending;
  GstStateChange transition;

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  old_ret = GST_STATE_RETURN (element);
  GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = ret;
  pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (element);

  /* check if there is something to commit */
  if (pending == GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING)
    goto nothing_pending;

  old_state = GST_STATE (element);
  /* this is the state we should go to next */
  old_next = GST_STATE_NEXT (element);
  /* update current state */
  current = GST_STATE (element) = old_next;

  /* see if we reached the final state */
  if (pending == current)
    goto complete;

  next = GST_STATE_GET_NEXT (current, pending);
  transition = (GstStateChange) GST_STATE_TRANSITION (current, next);

  GST_STATE_NEXT (element) = next;
  /* mark busy */
  GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "committing state from %s to %s, pending %s, next %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (old_state),
      gst_element_state_get_name (old_next),
      gst_element_state_get_name (pending), gst_element_state_get_name (next));

  _priv_gst_element_state_changed (element, old_state, old_next, pending);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "continue state change %s to %s, final %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (current),
      gst_element_state_get_name (next), gst_element_state_get_name (pending));

  ret = gst_element_change_state (element, transition);

  return ret;

nothing_pending:
  {
    GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "nothing pending");
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    return ret;
  }
complete:
  {
    GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
    GST_STATE_NEXT (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;

    GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "completed state change to %s", gst_element_state_get_name (pending));
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    /* don't post silly messages with the same state. This can happen
     * when an element state is changed to what it already was. For bins
     * this can be the result of a lost state, which we check with the
     * previous return value.
     * We do signal the cond though as a _get_state() might be blocking
     * on it. */
    if (old_state != old_next || old_ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC)
      _priv_gst_element_state_changed (element, old_state, old_next,
          GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING);

    GST_STATE_BROADCAST (element);

    return ret;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_lost_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement the state is lost of
 *
 * Brings the element to the lost state. The current state of the
 * element is copied to the pending state so that any call to
 * gst_element_get_state() will return %GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC.
 *
 * An ASYNC_START message is posted. If the element was PLAYING, it will
 * go to PAUSED. The element will be restored to its PLAYING state by
 * the parent pipeline when it prerolls again.
 *
 * This is mostly used for elements that lost their preroll buffer
 * in the %GST_STATE_PAUSED or %GST_STATE_PLAYING state after a flush,
 * they will go to their pending state again when a new preroll buffer is
 * queued. This function can only be called when the element is currently
 * not in error or an async state change.
 *
 * This function is used internally and should normally not be called from
 * plugins or applications.
 */
void
gst_element_lost_state (GstElement * element)
{
  GstState old_state, new_state;
  GstMessage *message;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  if (GST_STATE_RETURN (element) == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
    goto nothing_lost;

  if (GST_STATE_PENDING (element) != GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING)
    goto only_async_start;

  old_state = GST_STATE (element);

  /* when we were PLAYING, the new state is PAUSED. We will also not
   * automatically go to PLAYING but let the parent bin(s) set us to PLAYING
   * when we preroll. */
  if (old_state > GST_STATE_PAUSED)
    new_state = GST_STATE_PAUSED;
  else
    new_state = old_state;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "lost state of %s to %s", gst_element_state_get_name (old_state),
      gst_element_state_get_name (new_state));

  GST_STATE (element) = new_state;
  GST_STATE_NEXT (element) = new_state;
  GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = new_state;
  GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC;
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  _priv_gst_element_state_changed (element, new_state, new_state, new_state);

  message = gst_message_new_async_start (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element));
  gst_element_post_message (element, message);

  return;

nothing_lost:
  {
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
    return;
  }
only_async_start:
  {
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    message = gst_message_new_async_start (GST_OBJECT_CAST (element));
    gst_element_post_message (element, message);
    return;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement to change state of.
 * @state: the element's new #GstState.
 *
 * Sets the state of the element. This function will try to set the
 * requested state by going through all the intermediary states and calling
 * the class's state change function for each.
 *
 * This function can return #GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC, in which case the
 * element will perform the remainder of the state change asynchronously in
 * another thread.
 * An application can use gst_element_get_state() to wait for the completion
 * of the state change or it can wait for a %GST_MESSAGE_ASYNC_DONE or
 * %GST_MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGED on the bus.
 *
 * State changes to %GST_STATE_READY or %GST_STATE_NULL never return
 * #GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC.
 *
 * Returns: Result of the state change using #GstStateChangeReturn.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_set_state (GstElement * element, GstState state)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GstStateChangeReturn result = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE);

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->set_state)
    result = (oclass->set_state) (element, state);

  return result;
}

/*
 * default set state function, calculates the next state based
 * on current state and calls the change_state function
 */
static GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_set_state_func (GstElement * element, GstState state)
{
  GstState current, next, old_pending;
  GstStateChangeReturn ret;
  GstStateChange transition;
  GstStateChangeReturn old_ret;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "set_state to %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (state));

  /* state lock is taken to protect the set_state() and get_state()
   * procedures, it does not lock any variables. */
  GST_STATE_LOCK (element);

  /* now calculate how to get to the new state */
  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  old_ret = GST_STATE_RETURN (element);
  /* previous state change returned an error, remove all pending
   * and next states */
  if (old_ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE) {
    GST_STATE_NEXT (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
    GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING;
    GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;
  }

  current = GST_STATE (element);
  next = GST_STATE_NEXT (element);
  old_pending = GST_STATE_PENDING (element);

  /* this is the (new) state we should go to. TARGET is the last state we set on
   * the element. */
  if (state != GST_STATE_TARGET (element)) {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "setting target state to %s", gst_element_state_get_name (state));
    GST_STATE_TARGET (element) = state;
    /* increment state cookie so that we can track each state change. We only do
     * this if this is actually a new state change. */
    element->state_cookie++;
  }
  GST_STATE_PENDING (element) = state;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "current %s, old_pending %s, next %s, old return %s",
      gst_element_state_get_name (current),
      gst_element_state_get_name (old_pending),
      gst_element_state_get_name (next),
      gst_element_state_change_return_get_name (old_ret));

  /* if the element was busy doing a state change, we just update the
   * target state, it'll get to it async then. */
  if (old_pending != GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING) {
    /* upwards state change will happen ASYNC */
    if (old_pending <= state)
      goto was_busy;
    /* element is going to this state already */
    else if (next == state)
      goto was_busy;
    /* element was performing an ASYNC upward state change and
     * we request to go downward again. Start from the next pending
     * state then. */
    else if (next > state
        && GST_STATE_RETURN (element) == GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC) {
      current = next;
    }
  }
  next = GST_STATE_GET_NEXT (current, state);
  /* now we store the next state */
  GST_STATE_NEXT (element) = next;
  /* mark busy, we need to check that there is actually a state change
   * to be done else we could accidentally override SUCCESS/NO_PREROLL and
   * the default element change_state function has no way to know what the
   * old value was... could consider this a FIXME...*/
  if (current != next)
    GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC;

  transition = (GstStateChange) GST_STATE_TRANSITION (current, next);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "%s: setting state from %s to %s",
      (next != state ? "intermediate" : "final"),
      gst_element_state_get_name (current), gst_element_state_get_name (next));

  /* now signal any waiters, they will error since the cookie was incremented */
  GST_STATE_BROADCAST (element);

  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  ret = gst_element_change_state (element, transition);

  GST_STATE_UNLOCK (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "returned %s",
      gst_element_state_change_return_get_name (ret));

  return ret;

was_busy:
  {
    GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC;
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "element was busy with async state change");
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    GST_STATE_UNLOCK (element);

    return GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_change_state:
 * @element: a #GstElement
 * @transition: the requested transition
 *
 * Perform @transition on @element.
 *
 * This function must be called with STATE_LOCK held and is mainly used
 * internally.
 *
 * Returns: the #GstStateChangeReturn of the state transition.
 */
GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_change_state (GstElement * element, GstStateChange transition)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GstStateChangeReturn ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_CHANGE_STATE_PRE (element, transition);

  /* call the state change function so it can set the state */
  if (oclass->change_state)
    ret = (oclass->change_state) (element, transition);
  else
    ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;

  GST_TRACER_ELEMENT_CHANGE_STATE_POST (element, transition, ret);

  switch (ret) {
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE:
      GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "have FAILURE change_state return");
      /* state change failure */
      gst_element_abort_state (element);
      break;
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_ASYNC:
    {
      GstState target;

      GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "element will change state ASYNC");

      target = GST_STATE_TARGET (element);

      if (target > GST_STATE_READY)
        goto async;

      /* else we just continue the state change downwards */
      GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "forcing commit state %s <= %s",
          gst_element_state_get_name (target),
          gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE_READY));

      ret = gst_element_continue_state (element, GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS);
      break;
    }
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS:
      GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "element changed state SUCCESS");
      /* we can commit the state now which will proceeed to
       * the next state */
      ret = gst_element_continue_state (element, ret);
      break;
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_NO_PREROLL:
      GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
          "element changed state NO_PREROLL");
      /* we can commit the state now which will proceeed to
       * the next state */
      ret = gst_element_continue_state (element, ret);
      break;
    default:
      goto invalid_return;
  }

  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "exit state change %d", ret);

  return ret;

async:
  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element, "exit async state change %d",
      ret);

  return ret;

  /* ERROR */
invalid_return:
  {
    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
    /* somebody added a GST_STATE_ and forgot to do stuff here ! */
    g_critical ("%s: unknown return value %d from a state change function",
        GST_ELEMENT_NAME (element), ret);

    /* we are in error now */
    ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
    GST_STATE_RETURN (element) = ret;
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    return ret;
  }
}

/* gst_iterator_fold functions for pads_activate
 * Stop the iterator if activating one pad failed, but only if that pad
 * has not been removed from the element. */
static gboolean
activate_pads (const GValue * vpad, GValue * ret, gboolean * active)
{
  GstPad *pad = g_value_get_object (vpad);
  gboolean cont = TRUE;

  if (!gst_pad_set_active (pad, *active)) {
    if (GST_PAD_PARENT (pad) != NULL) {
      cont = FALSE;
      g_value_set_boolean (ret, FALSE);
    }
  }

  return cont;
}

/* returns false on error or early cutout of the fold, true if all
 * pads in @iter were (de)activated successfully. */
static gboolean
iterator_activate_fold_with_resync (GstIterator * iter,
    GstIteratorFoldFunction func, gpointer user_data)
{
  GstIteratorResult ires;
  GValue ret = { 0 };

  /* no need to unset this later, it's just a boolean */
  g_value_init (&ret, G_TYPE_BOOLEAN);
  g_value_set_boolean (&ret, TRUE);

  while (1) {
    ires = gst_iterator_fold (iter, func, &ret, user_data);
    switch (ires) {
      case GST_ITERATOR_RESYNC:
        /* need to reset the result again */
        g_value_set_boolean (&ret, TRUE);
        gst_iterator_resync (iter);
        break;
      case GST_ITERATOR_DONE:
        /* all pads iterated, return collected value */
        goto done;
      default:
        /* iterator returned _ERROR or premature end with _OK,
         * mark an error and exit */
        g_value_set_boolean (&ret, FALSE);
        goto done;
    }
  }
done:
  /* return collected value */
  return g_value_get_boolean (&ret);
}

/* is called with STATE_LOCK
 *
 * Pads are activated from source pads to sinkpads.
 */
static gboolean
gst_element_pads_activate (GstElement * element, gboolean active)
{
  GstIterator *iter;
  gboolean res;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
      "%s pads", active ? "activate" : "deactivate");

  iter = gst_element_iterate_src_pads (element);
  res =
      iterator_activate_fold_with_resync (iter,
      (GstIteratorFoldFunction) activate_pads, &active);
  gst_iterator_free (iter);
  if (G_UNLIKELY (!res))
    goto src_failed;

  iter = gst_element_iterate_sink_pads (element);
  res =
      iterator_activate_fold_with_resync (iter,
      (GstIteratorFoldFunction) activate_pads, &active);
  gst_iterator_free (iter);
  if (G_UNLIKELY (!res))
    goto sink_failed;

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
      "pad %sactivation successful", active ? "" : "de");

  return TRUE;

  /* ERRORS */
src_failed:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
        "pad %sactivation failed", active ? "" : "de");
    return FALSE;
  }
sink_failed:
  {
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
        "sink pads_activate failed");
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/* is called with STATE_LOCK */
static GstStateChangeReturn
gst_element_change_state_func (GstElement * element, GstStateChange transition)
{
  GstState state, next;
  GstStateChangeReturn result = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE);

  state = (GstState) GST_STATE_TRANSITION_CURRENT (transition);
  next = GST_STATE_TRANSITION_NEXT (transition);

  /* if the element already is in the given state, we just return success */
  if (next == GST_STATE_VOID_PENDING || state == next)
    goto was_ok;

  GST_CAT_LOG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
      "default handler tries setting state from %s to %s (%04x)",
      gst_element_state_get_name (state),
      gst_element_state_get_name (next), transition);

  switch (transition) {
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_NULL_TO_READY:
      break;
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_READY_TO_PAUSED:
      if (!gst_element_pads_activate (element, TRUE)) {
        result = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
      }
      break;
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PAUSED_TO_PLAYING:
      break;
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PLAYING_TO_PAUSED:
      break;
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PAUSED_TO_READY:
    case GST_STATE_CHANGE_READY_TO_NULL:{
      GList *l;

      /* deactivate pads in both cases, since they are activated on
         ready->paused but the element might not have made it to paused */
      if (!gst_element_pads_activate (element, FALSE)) {
        result = GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
      }

      /* Remove all non-persistent contexts */
      GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
      for (l = element->contexts; l;) {
        GstContext *context = l->data;

        if (!gst_context_is_persistent (context)) {
          GList *next;

          gst_context_unref (context);
          next = l->next;
          element->contexts = g_list_delete_link (element->contexts, l);
          l = next;
        } else {
          l = l->next;
        }
      }
      GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
      break;
    }
    default:
      /* this will catch real but unhandled state changes;
       * can only be caused by:
       * - a new state was added
       * - somehow the element was asked to jump across an intermediate state
       */
      g_warning ("Unhandled state change from %s to %s",
          gst_element_state_get_name (state),
          gst_element_state_get_name (next));
      break;
  }
  return result;

was_ok:
  {
    GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
    result = GST_STATE_RETURN (element);
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_STATES, element,
        "element is already in the %s state",
        gst_element_state_get_name (state));
    GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

    return result;
  }
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_factory:
 * @element: a #GstElement to request the element factory of.
 *
 * Retrieves the factory that was used to create this element.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer none): the #GstElementFactory used for creating this
 *     element. no refcounting is needed.
 */
GstElementFactory *
gst_element_get_factory (GstElement * element)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  return GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element)->elementfactory;
}

static void
gst_element_dispose (GObject * object)
{
  GstElement *element = GST_ELEMENT_CAST (object);
  GstClock **clock_p;
  GstBus **bus_p;
  GstElementClass *oclass;
  GList *walk;

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_REFCOUNTING, element, "%p dispose", element);

  if (GST_STATE (element) != GST_STATE_NULL)
    goto not_null;

  /* start by releasing all request pads, this might also remove some dynamic
   * pads */
  walk = element->pads;
  while (walk) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD_CAST (walk->data);

    walk = walk->next;

    if (oclass->release_pad && GST_PAD_PAD_TEMPLATE (pad) &&
        GST_PAD_TEMPLATE_PRESENCE (GST_PAD_PAD_TEMPLATE (pad))
        == GST_PAD_REQUEST) {
      GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
          "removing request pad %s:%s", GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      oclass->release_pad (element, pad);

      /* in case the release_pad function removed the next pad too */
      if (walk && g_list_position (element->pads, walk) == -1)
        walk = element->pads;
    }
  }
  /* remove the remaining pads */
  while (element->pads) {
    GstPad *pad = GST_PAD_CAST (element->pads->data);
    GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_ELEMENT_PADS, element,
        "removing pad %s:%s", GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
    if (!gst_element_remove_pad (element, pad)) {
      /* only happens when someone unparented our pad.. */
      g_critical ("failed to remove pad %s:%s", GST_DEBUG_PAD_NAME (pad));
      break;
    }
  }

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  clock_p = &element->clock;
  bus_p = &element->bus;
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) clock_p, NULL);
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) bus_p, NULL);
  g_list_free_full (element->contexts, (GDestroyNotify) gst_context_unref);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_REFCOUNTING, element, "%p parent class dispose",
      element);

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->dispose (object);

  return;

  /* ERRORS */
not_null:
  {
    gboolean is_locked;

    is_locked = GST_ELEMENT_IS_LOCKED_STATE (element);
    g_critical
        ("\nTrying to dispose element %s, but it is in %s%s instead of the NULL"
        " state.\n"
        "You need to explicitly set elements to the NULL state before\n"
        "dropping the final reference, to allow them to clean up.\n"
        "This problem may also be caused by a refcounting bug in the\n"
        "application or some element.\n",
        GST_OBJECT_NAME (element),
        gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE (element)),
        is_locked ? " (locked)" : "");
    return;
  }
}

static void
gst_element_finalize (GObject * object)
{
  GstElement *element = GST_ELEMENT_CAST (object);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_REFCOUNTING, element, "%p finalize", element);

  g_cond_clear (&element->state_cond);
  g_rec_mutex_clear (&element->state_lock);

  GST_CAT_INFO_OBJECT (GST_CAT_REFCOUNTING, element, "%p finalize parent",
      element);

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->finalize (object);
}

static void
gst_element_set_bus_func (GstElement * element, GstBus * bus)
{
  GstBus **bus_p;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_PARENTAGE, element, "setting bus to %p", bus);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  bus_p = &GST_ELEMENT_BUS (element);
  gst_object_replace ((GstObject **) bus_p, GST_OBJECT_CAST (bus));
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_bus:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the bus of.
 * @bus: (transfer none) (allow-none): the #GstBus to set.
 *
 * Sets the bus of the element. Increases the refcount on the bus.
 * For internal use only, unless you're testing elements.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_set_bus (GstElement * element, GstBus * bus)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  if (oclass->set_bus)
    oclass->set_bus (element, bus);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_bus:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the bus of.
 *
 * Returns the bus of the element. Note that only a #GstPipeline will provide a
 * bus for the application.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): the element's #GstBus. unref after
 * usage.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
GstBus *
gst_element_get_bus (GstElement * element)
{
  GstBus *result = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), result);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  if ((result = GST_ELEMENT_BUS (element)))
    gst_object_ref (result);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_BUS, element, "got bus %" GST_PTR_FORMAT,
      result);

  return result;
}

static void
gst_element_set_context_default (GstElement * element, GstContext * context)
{
  const gchar *context_type;
  GList *l;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_CONTEXT (context));
  context_type = gst_context_get_context_type (context);
  g_return_if_fail (context_type != NULL);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  for (l = element->contexts; l; l = l->next) {
    GstContext *tmp = l->data;
    const gchar *tmp_type = gst_context_get_context_type (tmp);

    /* Always store newest context but never replace
     * a persistent one by a non-persistent one */
    if (g_strcmp0 (context_type, tmp_type) == 0 &&
        (gst_context_is_persistent (context) ||
            !gst_context_is_persistent (tmp))) {
      gst_context_replace ((GstContext **) & l->data, context);
      break;
    }
  }
  /* Not found? Add */
  if (l == NULL) {
    element->contexts =
        g_list_prepend (element->contexts, gst_context_ref (context));
  }
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);
}

/**
 * gst_element_set_context:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the context of.
 * @context: (transfer none): the #GstContext to set.
 *
 * Sets the context of the element. Increases the refcount of the context.
 *
 * MT safe.
 */
void
gst_element_set_context (GstElement * element, GstContext * context)
{
  GstElementClass *oclass;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_CONTEXT (context));

  oclass = GST_ELEMENT_GET_CLASS (element);

  GST_CAT_DEBUG_OBJECT (GST_CAT_CONTEXT, element,
      "set context %p %" GST_PTR_FORMAT, context,
      gst_context_get_structure (context));

  if (oclass->set_context)
    oclass->set_context (element, context);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_contexts:
 * @element: a #GstElement to set the context of.
 *
 * Gets the contexts set on the element.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: (element-type Gst.Context) (transfer full): List of #GstContext
 *
 * Since: 1.8
 */
GList *
gst_element_get_contexts (GstElement * element)
{
  GList *ret;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  ret = g_list_copy_deep (element->contexts, (GCopyFunc) gst_context_ref, NULL);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return ret;
}

static gint
_match_context_type (GstContext * c1, const gchar * context_type)
{
  const gchar *c1_type;

  c1_type = gst_context_get_context_type (c1);

  return g_strcmp0 (c1_type, context_type);
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_context_unlocked:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the context of.
 * @context_type: a name of a context to retrieve
 *
 * Gets the context with @context_type set on the element or NULL.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full) (nullable): A #GstContext or NULL
 *
 * Since: 1.8
 */
GstContext *
gst_element_get_context_unlocked (GstElement * element,
    const gchar * context_type)
{
  GstContext *ret = NULL;
  GList *node;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  node =
      g_list_find_custom (element->contexts, context_type,
      (GCompareFunc) _match_context_type);
  if (node && node->data)
    ret = gst_context_ref (node->data);

  return ret;
}

/**
 * gst_element_get_context:
 * @element: a #GstElement to get the context of.
 * @context_type: a name of a context to retrieve
 *
 * Gets the context with @context_type set on the element or NULL.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): A #GstContext or NULL
 *
 * Since: 1.8
 */
GstContext *
gst_element_get_context (GstElement * element, const gchar * context_type)
{
  GstContext *ret = NULL;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), NULL);

  GST_OBJECT_LOCK (element);
  ret = gst_element_get_context_unlocked (element, context_type);
  GST_OBJECT_UNLOCK (element);

  return ret;
}

static void
gst_element_property_post_notify_msg (GstElement * element, GObject * obj,
    GParamSpec * pspec, gboolean include_value)
{
  GValue val = G_VALUE_INIT;
  GValue *v;

  GST_LOG_OBJECT (element, "property '%s' of object %" GST_PTR_FORMAT " has "
      "changed, posting message with%s value", pspec->name, obj,
      include_value ? "" : "out");

  if (include_value && (pspec->flags & G_PARAM_READABLE) != 0) {
    g_value_init (&val, pspec->value_type);
    g_object_get_property (obj, pspec->name, &val);
    v = &val;
  } else {
    v = NULL;
  }
  gst_element_post_message (element,
      gst_message_new_property_notify (GST_OBJECT_CAST (obj), pspec->name, v));
}

static void
gst_element_property_deep_notify_cb (GstElement * element, GObject * prop_obj,
    GParamSpec * pspec, gpointer user_data)
{
  gboolean include_value = GPOINTER_TO_INT (user_data);

  gst_element_property_post_notify_msg (element, prop_obj, pspec,
      include_value);
}

static void
gst_element_property_notify_cb (GObject * obj, GParamSpec * pspec,
    gpointer user_data)
{
  gboolean include_value = GPOINTER_TO_INT (user_data);

  gst_element_property_post_notify_msg (GST_ELEMENT_CAST (obj), obj, pspec,
      include_value);
}

/**
 * gst_element_add_property_notify_watch:
 * @element: a #GstElement to watch for property changes
 * @property_name: (allow-none): name of property to watch for changes, or
 *     NULL to watch all properties
 * @include_value: whether to include the new property value in the message
 *
 * Returns: a watch id, which can be used in connection with
 *     gst_element_remove_property_notify_watch() to remove the watch again.
 *
 * Since: 1.10
 */
gulong
gst_element_add_property_notify_watch (GstElement * element,
    const gchar * property_name, gboolean include_value)
{
  const gchar *sep;
  gchar *signal_name;
  gulong id;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), 0);

  sep = (property_name != NULL) ? "::" : NULL;
  signal_name = g_strconcat ("notify", sep, property_name, NULL);
  id = g_signal_connect (element, signal_name,
      G_CALLBACK (gst_element_property_notify_cb),
      GINT_TO_POINTER (include_value));
  g_free (signal_name);

  return id;
}

/**
 * gst_element_add_property_deep_notify_watch:
 * @element: a #GstElement to watch (recursively) for property changes
 * @property_name: (allow-none): name of property to watch for changes, or
 *     NULL to watch all properties
 * @include_value: whether to include the new property value in the message
 *
 * Returns: a watch id, which can be used in connection with
 *     gst_element_remove_property_notify_watch() to remove the watch again.
 *
 * Since: 1.10
 */
gulong
gst_element_add_property_deep_notify_watch (GstElement * element,
    const gchar * property_name, gboolean include_value)
{
  const gchar *sep;
  gchar *signal_name;
  gulong id;

  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element), 0);

  sep = (property_name != NULL) ? "::" : NULL;
  signal_name = g_strconcat ("deep-notify", sep, property_name, NULL);
  id = g_signal_connect (element, signal_name,
      G_CALLBACK (gst_element_property_deep_notify_cb),
      GINT_TO_POINTER (include_value));
  g_free (signal_name);

  return id;
}

/**
 * gst_element_remove_property_notify_watch:
 * @element: a #GstElement being watched for property changes
 * @watch_id: watch id to remove
 *
 * Since: 1.10
 */
void
gst_element_remove_property_notify_watch (GstElement * element, gulong watch_id)
{
  g_signal_handler_disconnect (element, watch_id);
}

typedef struct
{
  GstElement *element;
  GstElementCallAsyncFunc func;
  gpointer user_data;
  GDestroyNotify destroy_notify;
} GstElementCallAsyncData;

static void
gst_element_call_async_func (gpointer data, gpointer user_data)
{
  GstElementCallAsyncData *async_data = data;

  async_data->func (async_data->element, async_data->user_data);
  if (async_data->destroy_notify)
    async_data->destroy_notify (async_data->user_data);
  gst_object_unref (async_data->element);
  g_free (async_data);
}

/**
 * gst_element_call_async:
 * @element: a #GstElement
 * @func: Function to call asynchronously from another thread
 * @user_data: Data to pass to @func
 * @destroy_notify: GDestroyNotify for @user_data
 *
 * Calls @func from another thread and passes @user_data to it. This is to be
 * used for cases when a state change has to be performed from a streaming
 * thread, directly via gst_element_set_state() or indirectly e.g. via SEEK
 * events.
 *
 * Calling those functions directly from the streaming thread will cause
 * deadlocks in many situations, as they might involve waiting for the
 * streaming thread to shut down from this very streaming thread.
 *
 * MT safe.
 *
 * Since: 1.10
 */
void
gst_element_call_async (GstElement * element, GstElementCallAsyncFunc func,
    gpointer user_data, GDestroyNotify destroy_notify)
{
  GstElementCallAsyncData *async_data;

  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_ELEMENT (element));

  async_data = g_new0 (GstElementCallAsyncData, 1);
  async_data->element = gst_object_ref (element);
  async_data->func = func;
  async_data->user_data = user_data;
  async_data->destroy_notify = destroy_notify;

  g_thread_pool_push (gst_element_pool, async_data, NULL);
}

void
_priv_gst_element_cleanup (void)
{
  if (gst_element_pool) {
    g_thread_pool_free (gst_element_pool, FALSE, TRUE);
    gst_element_setup_thread_pool ();
  }
}

GstStructure *
gst_make_element_message_details (const char *name, ...)
{
  GstStructure *structure;
  va_list varargs;

  if (name == NULL)
    return NULL;

  va_start (varargs, name);
  structure = gst_structure_new_valist ("details", name, varargs);
  va_end (varargs);

  return structure;
}